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今 p 

1 886 


THE  LIBRARY 
OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 
LOS  ANGELES 


PROGRESSIVE  LESSONS 


CHINESE  SPOKEN  LANGUAGE 


LISTS  OF  mnm  words  and  phiiases,  and  an 

APPENDIX  CONTAINING  THE  LAWS  OF  TONES 
IN  THE  PEKING  DiALECT. 


BY 

J.  EDKINS,  D.D.,  Peking. 


FOURTH  EDITION,  REVISED. 


SHANGHAI: 

AMERICAN  PEESBYTERIAI^  MISSION  PRESS. 


/III 

FEEFAOE. 


This  little  work  is  intended  to  assist  beginners  in  tlie  Chinese 
spoken  language.  The  request  has  often  been  made  to  me,  to 
prepare  a  simple  work  in  the  form  of  a  Vocabulary,  as  being  a  want 
felt  by  learners.  The  attempt  is  here  made  to  supply  this  want, 
and  to  provide  a  manual  which  may  be  suitable  for  those,  wlio  wish, 
to  acquire  the  common  phrases  of  conversation,  without  attempting 
to  unravel  the  more  subtle  intricacies  of  the  language. 

lu  the  first  part  of  the  work  the  standard  Mandarin  ortliograpliy 
has  been  used.  It  is  found  in  a  printed  form  in  the  Wu  fang  yuen  yiu 
五方兀 音， a  compact  and  useful  native  dictionary  which 
raay  be  advantageously  consulted  for  the  sounds  of  words.  Farther 
on,  (beginning  at  the  25th  page)  I  have  adopted  the  peculiarities 
of  the  Peking  dialect, ― whicli  are  given  with  great  fulness  in  Sir 
Thomas  Wade's  recent  and  valuable  works  "  The  book  of  Experi- 
ments," and  "  Elementary  Course." 

In  the  Appendix  will  be  found  the  laws  of  the  Peking  dialect  in 
regard  to  tones  which  will  be  of  assistance  to  those  who  may  be 
perplexed  by  a  multitude  of  seeming  irregularities  in  that  dialect. 
These  are  here  reduced  to  a  system  of  laws  sixteen  in  number, 

All  who  desire  to  become  really  good  speakers  in.  this  laugaage 
should  study  tlie  tones.  The  knowledge  of  this  peculiarity  in 
Chinese  words,  lends  great  distinctness  to  what  is  said,  and  the 
dryness  of  the  study  Js  much  more  than  compensated,  by  tlie 
pleasure  found  in  being  readily  understood.  The  difficulty  ex- 
perienced in  distinguishing  and  learning  tlie  tones  is  much  less 
than  is  generally  supposed. 

The  tones  are  marked  iu  this  work  chiefly  (from  p.  1  to  p.  52) 
according  to  tlie  standard  five- tone  system,  or  that  now  prevailing 
at  Nanking,  and  in  the  northern  pavfc  of  Kiang-su  and  Ngan-hwei. 
Such  is  the  system  adhered  to  iu  the  native  Mandarin  dictionary 
mentioned  above,  and  by  Pre  mare,  Morrison,  Medhurst,  and  other 
authors. 


645651 


TABT.E  OK  CONTENTS. 


LJiSSONS 

1  to 

52, 

Lesson's 

1  to  11. 

Common   \V  ords. 

OO. 

丄 lltJ    tV  till, 

12. 

Boating. 

o  t 

o4. 

JJiuner. 

13. 

The  House. 

A  ""八 oi""J，、r^      o      1     >•!  T>1 1  llf^  1 

14. 

！ Money. 

oO. 

15. 

The  Country. 

o/. 

16. 

The  】3ody. 

OO. 

T?  1  /iT\  ri  o  n  TO 

17. 

Conversation. 

OA 
Oii. 

Silver  niiucs. 

18. 

Tailor. 

AC) 

19. 

Society. 

A^ 

*xl . 

20. 

Messages. 

a  二  ， 

T  I，  1 1  Lr      \  o  VI  (J*!!  f  l^lTl 

21. 

Measures, 

^O. 

urs. 

22. 

Worship. 

T，、、  》、f、、、4"i*ir1       "Fr、  ，，t1 1  nf  ，、          \  1  Q  T  \  IT  ™ 

丄 LUpOIttXl    lUl  L Ig^Ll  *、JAIIU— 

23. 

Man. 

factures. 

24. 

Time. 

45. 

Foreij^ii  Tribute. 

25. 

Strength  and  Skill. 

40. 

Emperor's  »Seal. 

26. 

！ Mason's  work. 

47. 

Gratitude,  an  anecdote. 

27. 

Study. 

48. 

Generosity,  an  anecdote. 

28. 

Ancestors. 

.49. 

Self-control,  an  anecdote. 

29. 

Servants, 

50. 

Integrity,  an  anecdote. 

30. 

Trade. 

i  51. 

Kiilrs  for  a  free  School. 

31. 

War, 

i  52. 

A  Cuveni. 

Lists  of  Usj^fcj.  Wori^s  and  Sviokt  1?huask3. 


1.  Place  and  Direction. 

2.  Time. 

3.  Anirmatlve   and  Negative 

Kxprossicjiis. 

4.  Common  Adjectives. 
0.  Prepositions* 

G.  Postpositions. 
7.  Fra;^nunitary  Clauses  at 
ibo  end  of  Sciitonws. 


8,  Con junctionB. 

9.  Nanics  of  Imports,  Wax,  etc. 

10.  Incense,  Popper,  etc. 

11.  ^Medicines. 

12.  J\Iiscellaneou3  articles. 
1:3.  Mariue  productions. 
14,  TJyes  and  Colours. 
IT).  Woods. 

i  10.  Time-pieces,  Tdoscopos,  oto. 


V 


17.  Cotton  Goods. 

18.  Woollens^  etc. 

19.  Metals. 

20.  Precious  Stones,  etc. 

21.  Animal  Products. 

22.  Exports ― Oil,  Wax,  etc. 

23.  Medicines. 

24.  Miscellaneous  Articles. 

25.  Colours,  Paper  etc. 

26.  Various  Wares. 

27.  Wood. 

28.  Clothing. 

29.  Native  Linen  and  Cotton 

Manufactures 

30.  Silk  Mauufactures. 

31.  Articles  of  Food. 

32.  Common  Utensils. 

33.  Vegetables  and  Fruits. 

34.  Domestic  Animals. 


35.  Birds. 

36.  Fishes. 

37.  Cart  Furniture,  etc. 

38.  Words  used  iu  Building, 

39.  Liquids. 

40.  Clothing, 

41.  Sickness. 

42.  Boat  furniture,  etc. 

43.  House  furniture. 

44.  ？ insects,  Reptiles,  etc. 

45.  Common  Verbs. 

46.  Distinctive  numeratives* 

47.  Significant  numeratires. 

48.  Wei  gilts  and  Measures. 

49.  Collectives. 

50.  Auxiliary  nouns  of  quality. 

51.  Numeral  particles  to  verbs. 

52.  Phrases  at  an  Inn, 


Appendix. 

I. ― Tones  of  the  Peking  dialect, 
TI. ― Tones  of  the  Nanking  dialect. 
III.— Tones  at  Cliefoo. 


Alphabet  and  Tone  Marl's. 

1.  The  five  vowels  i,  e,  a,  o，  u，  when  tliey  are  not  followed  by  a 
filial  n  or  ng,  have  the  Italian  sound.  They  are  the  vowels  con- 
tained in  the  words  fee,  fay,  papa,  foe,  too. 

2.  The  vowels  i，  e,  when  followed  by  n  or  ng，  are  pronounced 
as  the  vowels  in  e，  fin,  and  fun.  But  after  i  and  y,  the  vowel  e  is 
to  be  sounded  as  e  in  sent.  A,  o，  u,  when  n  and  ng  follow  are 
Tiuaffected  by  that  circuin stance. 

3.  The  vowel  i  is  heard  like  e,  in  middle,  tassel,  ancle. 

4.  The  vowel  u  is  heard  like  11，  in  the  French  words  tit  une. 

5.  The  vowel  e  is  heard  as  the  first  e，  in  there  or  as  ea  in  hear. 
G.  The  mute  and  sibilant  consonants  k, 七， p，  f,  s,  sh,  ch,  are 

pronounced  as  in  English.  Though  sometimes  a  little  softened  in 
northern  dialects,  so  as  to  be  heard  like  g,  d，  1)，  etc.,  this  need  not 
be  noticed  in  expressing  their  proper  ortliograpliy. 

7.  An  inverted  comma  above  the  line  follows  the  consonants 
k,  t，  p,  ts,  ch,  when  they  are  aspirated.  In  such  case  a  strong 
guttural  aspirate  closely  follows  tlie  sound  of  these  consonants. 
Pronounce  as  the  word  Tahiti  without  the  vowel  a.  This  might  be 
expressed  by  T^iti,  according  to  the  orthography  now  explained. 

8.  In  the  mandarin  of  tlie  north  and  the  west,  the  initials  h  and 
s  coincide  before  i  and  ii.  The  sound  formed  by  this  union  may 
be  denominated  a  sibilant  h,  or  an  aspirated  s，  and  the  spelling  lis 
has  been  proposed  for  it,  but  it  will  probably  become  sh  in  the 
course  of  years. 

9.  In  the  same  dialects,  ts  and  k  coincide  before  the  same  vowels 
i  and  u.  The  sound  thus  formed  may  be  written  k，  ts,  or  ch. 
It  is  not  plainly  defined,  and  is  constantly  hoveriug  between  these 
various  phonetic  values.  After  a  further  period  of  change,  it  will 
probably  determine  itself  finally  in  a  distinct  ch. 

10.  Every  word  is  pronounced  evenly,  or  with  a  rising  or  falling 
inflection  of  the  voice,  or  with  a  double  inflection.  It  may  be 
pitched  high  or  low,  according  to  the  usage  -  of  any  particular 
dialect,  and  be  enunciated  quickly  or  slowly.    All  words  iii  the 


Vll 


language  are  arranged  in  four  or  five  large  groups,  and  one  of  these , 
tones  or  inflections  is  attached  to  each.  Thus  tlio  great  class  to 
which  each  word  belongs  is  known,  by  the  intonation  with  which 
it  is  habitually  pronounced. 

11.  The  five  tone  classes  are  marked  in  the  following  manner  ： 


TONE  CLASS. 

CHINESE  NAMES. 

EXAMPLES. 

First  tone. 
Second  tone. 
Third  tone. 
Fourth,  tone. 
Fifth  tone. 

上 平 sliang  p'ing 
上 聲 sliang  sheng 
去 聲 c'hii  sheng 
入 聲 juh  sheng 
下 平 hia  p'ing 

烏 ,WU 

五 'wu 
務 wu' 
屋  wuh 
猴 .wu 

*  For  Nanking  mandarin,  the  fourth  tone-class  or  juli  slieng  is 
marked  with  a  final  h.  In  the  N"ortli,  the  words  of  this  tone-class 
are  distributed  among  the  other  tone  classes,  and  the  number  of 
tones  is  then  fcmr. 

Note  to  Eevised  Edition.  In  numbering  the  tone  classes,  the 
native  system  is  followed,  which  in  the  tonic  dictionaries,  whether 
for  the  general  language  or  for  provincial  dialects,  makes  Sbang 
slieng  the  second  tone,  C^hii  slieng  the  third,  and  Juh  sheng  the 
fourth  ；  and  so  on  the  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and  eiglith  for  the 
lower  series  where  this  exists. 

In  Sir  T.  Wade's  works  the  Hia  p^ing  is  called  the  second  tone 
the  Shang  slieng  the  third,  etc.    This  is  an  innovation. 

To  avoid  practical  inconveniences  the  learner  is  recommended  to 
make  use  of  the  Chinese  names,  Shang  p(ing,  etc,  and  not  of 
numbers. 

Wlien  tlie  Chinese  began  1200  years  since  to  mark  tones,  there 
were  four  in  the  language  and  they  agreed  to  denote  them  by 
small  circles  at  the  four  corners  of  a  charactar.  Thus 舆 yii  in 
p'ing  sheng, 與 yii  in  Sliang  slieng, 與 yu  in  C'Mi  slieng,  and 度 
dok  in  Juh  sheng. 

This  is  the  basis  of  the  tone  notation  adopted  in  Dr  Williams' 
dictionaries,  and  in  the  present  work. 


PBOGUESSIVE  LESSONS 

IN  THfi 

CHINESE  SPOKEN  LANGUAGE. 


LESSON 


我 們 'Wo  men,  m. 

們 ，Ni  .men,  you, 
他 ,T'a  .men,  they. 
船 .C'hwen,  sMp;  hoat. 


絲 ,Si,  silk. 


我 ，Wo，  L 
你 'Xi,  thou. 

，T'a  he. 
人 ,Jen,  man. 
樹 木 Shu'  mull,  frees. 

,Shu,  hooJi. 
這個 Clie'  ko'，  this. 

Shi'',  is;  teas. 
的 Till,  sign  of  possessive. 
這 個 人>  ^  die'  ko' 

como,  or  this  man's  not  coming. 
我 們 的 船 ，wo  .men  tih  .c'hwen,  our  ship. 
他們的 縣 ,t'a  .men  ,si,  their  silk. 
不 是我們 1^ slii'  'wo  .men  tih,  it  is  not  ours. 
這個書 ^是 你&^         ko(  ，slm  puh  shV  ，！ li  tih,  this 
hook  is  not  yours. 


'Sliui,  'wafer. 
M  13  Na'  koS  that 
不 Puh,  not. 
來 .Lai,  come. 
.jcn  puh.  .lai,  this  man  will  not 


LESSON"  2. 


有 'Yeu,  have  ；  there  u.  好 'Hau,  good. 

沒 有 Mull  ，  yeu,  have  not.  不 好 Pull  'han,  bad. 

這 ft  Che'  ，li，  here.  M  M  Na*  ，li，  there. 

^ 樣 Che'  yangS  this  sort.         樣 Na'  yaiig',  that  sort. 


[ 2  ] 

在 T.saiS  at;  in;  to  he  at.       都 ，Tii，  all. 

多 To,  many. 少 'Shau,  few. 多少 ，To  'sliau,  how  many  ？ 

大 Ta'，  great.  yj、  'Siau,  little,  small. 

輕 ，Kau，  //if///.  低 ，Ti,  low. 

运  個不 是好人  che'  ko《 pub.  slii'  ，hau  .jen,  this  is  not 
a  good  man, 

好人少 

'hail  .Jen  'shau,  good  men  are  few. 

咨這 裏有水  tsai'  che'  ，li  'yeu  'shui,  there  is  water  here. 

运 個 絲 不 好 che'  ko(  ，s'i  puh  'hau,  this  silk  is  not  good. 

傅 們 都 在 适 裏 ,t'a  .men  ,tu  tsai'  che*  ，li，  they  are  all  here. 

运 樹 都 是高的 che'  jsliu  ,tu  sill'  ,kau  tih,  these  trees  are 
all  JiiriJi. 

這檨 樹木好  die'  yang'  sliu'  mub.  'hau,  trees  of  this  sort 
are  good. 

适 裏的人 不 少 che*  ，li  till  .jen  puh  'shau,  the  men  here 
arc  not  few. 

大 書 有 小 書 沒 有  ta(  ,shu  'yeu  'siau  ，sliu  muh  'yeu, 
there  are  large  books,  but  no  small  ones. 

LESSOT^  3. 

拿來 

.Na  .lai，  bring.  拿去  .Na  k*ii'(c*liu),^«/.-e  away, 

^  'Tseu,  walk.  去 K'ii',  go. 

東西， Tung，si，(east，west),/"'"y|'j，  Shi'  .t'sing,  a  matter. 

甚麽 Shen'  'mo,  what  ?         那 -奠 'Na  ，li，  uhcre  ? 

叫 Kiau',  call;  is  called.         幾 時. 'Ki  .shi,  when  ？ 

衣 服 ，I  fuh,  clothes.  布  Pu',  cotton  cloth. 

綱 .C'hon,  iroren  silh;  pongee.  ^  .P'ing,  buttle;  pitcher. 

這個綢 》4 甚麽  cbe'  ko'  .c'heu  kiau'  shen'  'mo,  what  is 
tliiH  fi/7/c  callnl  ？ 

运 個 是 好 東 西  cbc'  ko*  sli'i'  'hau  ,tung  ，si，  this  is  a 
good  thing. 

那個 不大 na'  ko'  .p'ing  puli  ta'，  that  hottle  is  not  large. 

不是我 的衣服 puh  s】i?  ，wo  tih  ，i  fuh,  thei/  are  not 
my  clothes. 

他不去  ，t'a  puh  k'ii',  he  will  not  go. 
^       jj^  .na  ,shu  .lai,  bring  book" 


[ 3  ] 

把東 西拿去 'pa  ,tnTig  ,si  .iia  k'ii',  take  the  things  away • 

船 在那裏 .c'hwen  tsai'  ，na  ，K，  u'he''()  is  the  boat  ？ 

布幾 時拿來 pu'  'ki  ,slii  .na  .lai,  ivhm  did  you  hring 
the  cloth  ？  * 

^  ^ 系系 多  clie(  yang'  ,si  ,to，  there  is  much  of  this  silk, 

( /•(!/(■  silk.) 

那樣樹 木不大 na'  yang'  shu'  muli  puh.  ta'，  that  kind 

of  fi-ce  is  not  l(mj'". 
這個 是甚麽 clie'  ko*  slii'  shen'  'mo,  what  is  this  ？ 

LESSON  4. 


自 己 Tsi'  ，ki，  self.  這麽攀 Che*  'mo  yang',  thus. 

全 .T'siuen,  all;  ichole.  怎 麽 樣 ，Tsen  'mo  yang',  who? 

各 Koh,  each;  every.  做 Tso'，  do;  make. 

^  ,Sie,  a  few  of.  ^  .Ho,  with  ；  harmony. 

這 ^  Clie'  ，sie，  this  sort  of.  {1}  .T'ung,  together  with. 

向 IIiaug(，  toicarth;  to.  ^  ,T'sung,//'ow;  to  accord  with. 

^  Sliwoh,  to  say;  speahiih/.  Yau*,  to  u'cint ;  heg. 

他自 己沒有 ,t'a  ts'i'  'ki  niuh  'yeu,  he  himself  has  it  not. 

我 們 全 去 'wo  .men  .t'siuen  k'ii',  ice  'u'il'l  all  go. 

你 去叫他 來 ，ni  c'hii'  kiau'  ，t'a  .lai,  go  and  call  him. 

幾 0 從上 來 'Id  .shi  .t'sung  Shang'  'hai  .lai,  when  did 

lion,  com  I:'  from  Shnvghai  ？ 
這些 人都 是廣' 京來的 che'  ,sie  .jen  ,tu  slii'  'Kwang 

,tung  .lai  till,  tl"'se  pi't'soiis  {or  persons  of  this  sort)  all  come 

from  Canton. 

各人 § 己說 toll  .jen  tsi'  'ki  sliwoli,  let  each  one  tpeakfor 

Jt/lJ/.S(/f. 

全 是运麽 樣 .t'siuen  sill'  die'  'mo  yang',  it  is  all  so. 
不 做 甚 麼 puh  tso'  shon'  'mo,  he  does  nothing. 
遑 布怎麼 樣做的 clie'  pu'  'tscn  'mo  yaiig'  tso'  tih，  how 
is  this  doth  m'ide  / 

那 裏做的  .c'beii  'na  ，li  tso'  tib,  ichcre  is  icoven  silk 
inadc  / 

向他 說要 那衣服 h;ang'  ，t(a  shwoli  yau'  na'  ，i  full,  he 

said  to  him  tlud  Jie  u'aided  the  clothes. 


C  i  ] 


LESSON  5. 

了  ，Li:m，  sign  of  the  past. 
Itwa',  pivfurc ;  to  dra/r.  ， 
g,  iam】）. 
金 Jvin,  gohl. 
S 忍 得 Jon'  toll,  hi  cm'.  * 
斤 ,Kin,  a  cathj ;  1\  lbs. 

Ts'i',  characters. 
夕卜國 飞 Vai《  kwoh,  foreign. 
阜 ^rfj*  .Tlwaug  ti、  emperor. 
月 Yueh  Iiaiig"，  the  ntoon. 
paper. 

茶 葉 .C'ha  yeh,  tea  in  leaf. 
， liiicc  yon  written. 


鈴 Kih  ('kei ),  give. 

Hwa',  language',  words. 
呢  .Ni,  final  interrogative. 
紅  .Hung,  red. 
漢 Han',  Chinese. 
門 .Men,  door. 
寫 ，Sie,  to  icriie. 
中國  jClmng  kwoh,  China. 
現在  Hien'  tsai',  at  present 
太陽  T'ai(  .yang,  the  sun. 

Pih,  pencil ;  pirn. 
替 我 T'i'  'wo,  for  me. 
寫 了字呢 

給 m  m  m  kill  (  kill)  ,t'a  '(； li'i  vung',  (/ire  】ihn  pr'pci'  to  use. 

VinL  "flf        'wo  jcri'  tell  ,f  a,  I  k)ioiv  him. 

拿 筆 5^ 爲 字 .11  a  pih  .lai  'sie  ts'i'，  bring  a  pencil  to  n-rite. 

有 個紅門  ,yeu  ko'  .hung  .men,  there  in  a  red  door. 

.na  liwa'  .lai  k':m'，  Jn-ing  pictuyca  for  me  io  -sw. 

現 在 皇 帝 好 的 bien'  tsai'  .Invaiig  ti'  'ban  tib,  the  present 
emperor  is  good. 

3 隻 有 月 rauh  'yeu  yueh  〃 〃'； v  /、，  iw  wooH.lighf. 

Wj  ^fe  K  t'ai'  .yaiig  t'ai'  ta',  Uie  .、.〃"  /.s-  rcri/  poirorfxl. 

li 翁^ 服紅 ,t'a  till  ,i  full  .l.iino-,  hi 


red. 


LESSON  G. 


— ■  Yih,  one;  a. 
—- Er',  two. 

； m  ,San,  three. 
四 Si',  four. 
五 'Wu,  five. 


六 IjuI;,  or  ]in 
七 T'sih,  seven. 
/V  Pall,  eigJit. 
九 Mvicn,  nine. 
+  Shih,  /(•". 


liS 得 jeu'  teh,  know  a  person  or  hioir  cliarndcrs. 

曉得 

'liiuu  tdi,  hioiv  thovovgJibj.         道 ,clii  (au',  know  a  fact. 


[ 5  ] 


筒 or 個    Ko',   numeral  foi' 本 Ten,  roof,  roltimc,  numeral 


men,  etc. 
買 'Mai,  biu/. 
'用 Yung',  to  use;  cat. 
能 -Neng,  can. 
爲甚麽  Wei'  slien*  'mo, 


for  books. 
賣 Mai',  sell. 

W 人 Yung'  •jen,  servant. 
^  ,C'hwen,  to  imcrt  ；  put  on. 
z 曉 得 'Hiau  teh,  to  know. 
七 個用人  t'sih  ko'  yuug'  .jen,  seven  ser rants. 
要 三四個 

yau'  ,san  si'  ko',  /  icant  three  or  four. 

J« 五 斤茶葉  mai'  ,wu  ,kiu  .c'ha  yeli,  buy  Jive  catties 
of  tea. 

賣 紙 的 人 

'mai  'chi  tih  .jen,  a  man  wlio  sells  papar. 
穿 紅 衣 服 ,c'iiwen  .hung  ,i  fub,  he  put  on  red  clothes. 
拿 三個燈 

•na  ,san  ko《 ,teng,  brbig  three  lamps. 

-k 個 .，\ 用 茶 lull  ko'  .jen  yung'  .c'ha,  six  men  took  tea. 

買 — 本 書 'mai  yih  'pen  ,shii,  buy  a  hook. 

$  ^ 育巨 買 書 che*  ，li  puh  .neng  'mai  ,shu,  here  hooks 
caviwt  he  houglit. 

甚 麽 ^ 去 wei'  shen'  ，！ no   puh   c'hii,   u'hj   do  you 

not  go  ？ 

不 曉 得 puh  'liiau  teh,  I  do  not  know. 


LESSON  7. 

說 H 荒 shwoh  ，！ umig,  to  lie.   f 董 'tung,  understand. 

看 K'an',  to  see.  > 見 Puh  kien',  to  lose;  lost. 

查 .C'ha,  to  seeJi.  刷 ,Sliwali  to  brush. 

鞋 子 .Hiai  (.Lie)  ts ？，  shoes. 釘 ,Ting,  a  nail. 

洗 臉 'Si  'lien,  wash  one* s  face. Ting',  to  nail. 

走 路 'Tseu  lu、  to  walk.        慢 Man',  slow;  aJoivly. 

4^  K'wai',  sharp;  quickly;  soo'" . 刀 ，Tau，  hi'tfe;  sword. 

飯 FauS  rice.  吃 飯 C'hih  fan*,  tal:e  a  meal. 

'Ilau,  n-cll;  good;  done.  Hioli  (.hiau),  to  karn. 

天 jT'ien,  hcarm;  day;  wmthc>'.       Ti'，  earth. 
上 ShangS  above.  下 Hia'，  heloiv. 


[ 6  ] 

東西 不見了  ,tang  ，si  puh  kien,  ，li'au，  things  are  lost. 

filj 嬉 個衣脤 slnvah  che'  ko'  ，i  full,  hru^Ji  these  clothes. 

&那個 P3  ting'  na'  ko'  .men,  nail  that  door. 

慢 慢 走 man'  man'  'tscii,  u-alk  sloirli/;  mt.it'  a  little. 

^ 路 'tscu  lu'  k'wai',  he  iralls  fad. 

'(^: 好 你 的 臉 'si  'liau  'ni  till  'lien,  wash  yonr  face  icell. 

看 puh  'hail  k'iiu',  not  good  to  see. 
^}\\        子 sliwali  .liiai  'tsi',  hrmh  shoes. 
拿 快 刀 來 .na  k'wai'  ,tau  .lai,  bring  a  sharp  knife. 
他 5^ 快  jf  t'a*  .lai  k'wai'  'liau,  he  icill  come  soon. 
沒 有 學 ruuli  'yen  hioli,  I  Jidve  not  yet  learned. 
f 董 不 f 董 'tuiig  puh  'tung,  do  underdand  or  not  ？ 


LESSON"  8. 

生 意 ,Sheng  i'，  frruh.  ffl 裏 .T'ien  ，li，  in  the  fields. 

貴 Kwei',  dear;  honourahle.     賤 Tsien',  cheap;  poor. 
熱 Jell  (jo'),  hot.  ^  Jiang,  cool.^{^  'Leng,  cold. 
^ 要 Pull  yau',  I  do  not  want.^  Ileh  (,hei),  bifick. 
15  SM  .Man  .t'eu,  bread.         t3  Peli  (.pai),  white. 


事骨 I'  Shi'  ，t'i，  a  nmifei: 

最 Tsui',  renj. 

早 'Tsau,  earhj. 

今 ,Kin, 體 r. 

》Li、  ,Sin,  heart;  mind. 


身 子 ，Shen  ，ts'i，  hodi/. 
T 貢 'Ting,  wosf,  top. 
兩 個 'Liang  ko',  two. 
有 限 'Yeu  hien',  not  nmchjfew. 
'K'i  ('c'lii),  rise ；  begin. 


的 不 Kwei'  till  pull  yau',  if  dear,  I  do  not  want  if, 

這 個 ]* 貝 賤 cbc'  ko'  ting  tsien',  this  is  tJte  cheapest. 

至 Ij 田 裏去 tau'  .t'ien  ，li.  c'hii',  (jo  into  t/ie  fields. 

你 來 不 早 'iii  -liii  puh  'tsau,  you  have  not  come  early, 

天 熱起來 ，t'ien  jell  'c'lii  .lai,  t  lie'  wed  titer  is  gro>ving  hot. 

天 ^  ^< 芽 的 jt'icn  'long  yau'  ，c'h、vcii  till,  when  the  iccat/ier 
cohl  I  fi//all  wear  if. 

生 意不好  ,slieng  i《 pull  'liau,  trade  is  had. 

人有限 

.jen  'ycu  hicn',  fit  ere  are  few  men. 


运些人 吃優頭 clie'   ，sie  .jeu  c'liili  .man  .t'eu,  these 

people  eat  bread. 

黑的多 白的少  hell  till  ，to  pell  till  'shau,  there  are 
iixnii/  blacl-,  bat  few  white. 

雨斤 紅茶葉 

'liang   ,kin  .hung   .c'ha  j-eh,    two  catties 

of  hhirl,-  tea. 
早 些 來  'tsau  ,si'e  .lai,  come  earlier. 

"(ii 不燒得 事骨農 ,t'a  pull  ，！ liau  teh  sh'i'  't'i,  he  does  not 
know  'mutters. 

LESSOR}"  9. 

狠 'Hen,  exceeding  J  1/  (initial).  年爲 ^  Teli  'hen,  exceecUngJif 
棉 花  .Mien  ，liwa，  cotto)t.       系 子 Twan*  ，ts'i，  satin,  (tin.) 
H  C4iih,  foot  ^  T'sun',  inch. 

幾個， Ki  k  (0，  how  many  ？         多 'Hau  ，to，  m'y  many. 

jShwang,  a  pair.  vM  'Tsieu,  wine;  spirit. 

鷄 ,Ki,  fold.  1^  C'hih  juh  (jeu')，  cat  meat. 

羊 .Yang,  sheep;  goat.  猪 ,Cliu,  pig. 

魚 .Yii,  fish.  ，Ta，  beat;  catch. 

^       V  ,si,  meaning.  Nien',  read. 

Cliih,  numeral  for  sheep,  etc.^  'Li  within, 
房 ^  .Fans:  'tsi,  house.  頭  Wai'  .t'eu,  outside. 

到 房子裏 去冩字  tau'  .fang  tsi'  ，H  c'liii'  ，sie  ts?，  go 

into  the  room  and  ivrife. 

那個魚 好 iia'  ko'  .ii  'lien  'liau,  that  fish  is  very  good. 
二 斤 綿 花 ,san  ,km  .mien  ,liwa,  three  catties  of  cotton. 
七 雙 鞋 "f^  t'sih  jshwang  .hiai  'tsi,  seven  prirs  of  shoes. 
買十 尺； f 、度子 'mai  sliih  c'hih  twan'  'tsi,   buy  ten  feet 
of  self  in. 

這 隻鶴狠 好 clio'  cliih  ,ki  'hen  'hau,  this  fowl  is  excecd- 
inrfUj  flood. 

這個甚 麼意思 che'  ko'  shen  'mo  i'  ,si,  what  does  this 
mean  / 

房子 奸得狠 -fang  'tsi"  'hau  teh  'hen,  the  house  is  very  good. 
念過 書沒有 nien'  kwo'  ,shu  mei'  'yeu,  ham  you  read  hooksf 


[ 8  ] 

g 個人 來 ，ki  ko'  .jen  .lai,  how  many  men  came  ？ 

^  "J^  ^  )^  tsai'  .fang  'tsi  ，li  'leng,  within  the  house  it 
/.、'  ('old. 

IS 子做 的衣服 twan'  'ts'i  tso'  tih  ,i  fuh,  clothes  made 
of  satin. 

兩 寸 黑 '鞭 子' 'Hang  (/sun'  hell  twan'  'tsi,   two  inches  of 
hiach  mini. 

拿 熱水 來 .na  jeh  'sh ai  .lai,  bring  hoi  irafer. 

生 意 有 限 ,s】ieug  i'  'yen  hi  en',  there  is  not  much  trade. 

他 fPI 在 夕卜 頭 ，t'a  .men  tsai'  wai'  .t'cu,  the//  are  outside. 


liESSOK  10. 

P 易 酒 Holi  'tsieu,  f.o  drink  icinc.^ 天 Pan'  ,t(ien，  half  a  day. 

,Pei,  cup.  ttl  、/干 C'huli  ban',  to  perspire. 

雨 'Liang,  a  tnel ;  two.  困 il' 匕 ，Yiii  't'si,  therefore. 

打 發 'Ta  fall,  Hend.  進 Tsin',  enter. 

送 Sung',  present  ；  escort.        囘  .Ilwei,  go  back. 

— ' 丈   Yih  chang',  a  chang,j^  Sing,  family  name. 
10  fed.  ' 

車 子 ,C'he  'tsi,  carriage.       府 上 'Fu  shang',  your  home. 

想 'Siang,  to  thin!:.  *lj  'Koh,  cut  with  knife. 

城 裏 Cheng  ，li，   in  fJte  city.  ^  'Tsi en,  cut  with  scissors. 

'Wail  sliang',  (d  night. ^  Pu',  cotton  cloth. 

^  f  ^  ^    ，siang  ，liau  pan'  ,t'ieu,    he  thought  for  half  a 
day  i.  e.  a  loiuj  time. 

剪 幾尺布 tsieu  'Id  c'hih,  pu',  or 绞幾尺 ♦  'chiau 
'flu  c'h'i  pu',  how  many  feet  of  cloth  shall  I  cut  ？ 

買 羊 肉 七 八 斤 ，mai  .yang  juh  t'sih  pah  ,kin,  buy  seven 

or  eiijh  t  caff, ICS  of  mutton. 
打 兩個 人去， ta  fah  'liang  ko'  •jcn  c'hiiS  send  two  men. 
進 城 去 了  tsin*  .c'heng  c'hii'  ，liau，  lie  /las  gone  into  the  city. 
[eJ 去 城 裏   .hwci  c'liLi'  .c'heng  ，li,  he  has  returned  into 

〃"' （'〃,/• 

府 上 裏 'fu  sliang'  ，na  'li,  where  is  your  palace?  i.  e.  home. 


[ 0  ] 


LESSON  11. 

Hia*,  summer. 

秋 ,T'sieu,  autumn.  冬 ,Tung,  winter. 

花 ,Hwa,  flowers.  風 ,Fung  (feng),  u-ind. 

緑 Luh  (Hi'),  green.  苦 'K'u,  misery;  hitter. 

草  'T'saii,  grasf;.  救 Kieu',  save. 

容 易 .Yung  i'，  cnsy.  難 .Nan,  difficult. 

住 Clui',  to  chcell.  難 Nan',  snfcring. 

價 錢 Kia',  .t'sien,  price.       幾 個 ，Ki  ko'，  how  many  ？ 

地 方 Ti'  ,fai]g，  place.  # 命  Sing'  mins:',  life. 

R 斗 KiauS  crruse;  call.  新 ,Sin,  new.    舊 kieu(，  old, 

這裏 花草多  die*  ，】i  ,hwa  't^sau  ，to，  JI oncers  and  grass 

那 個甚麽  化 na'  ko'  slien'  ，！ no  ,hwa,  what  foiver  is  that  ? 

不 容易做  puh  .yung  i'  tso*,  wot  easij  to  do. 

住 在 那 裏 cliu'  tsai'  'na  ，li，  where  do  you  live  ？ 

買 的 f 貿 錢 大 'mai  tih  kia*  .t'sien  ta'，  you  buy  at  a  high  price. 

因此生 意不好  ,yin  't'si  ,sheng  i'  puh  'bau,  and  there- 
fore trade  is  had. 

春 天 花 女子 ^  jC'hun  jt'len  ,hwa  'hau  tih,  in  spring  the 
floivevH  are  ,tUw. 

^  ^  的 入 die'  ti'  ,fang  tih  .jen,  the  men  of  this  place. 
出 * 看花  c'liuh  c'hii'  k'an*  ,hwa,  go  out  to  see  flowers. 

天 '風 、^  ,tuiig  jt'ieu  ,fung  'leng,  in  winter  the  wind  is  cold. 
多 ^       縦 ,to  'sliau  .c'heu  twan',  how  much  silk  and  satin. 

是 苦 人 ，"'o  slii'  ，k'u  .jen,  I  "m  an  unfortunate  man. 
救 性 命 kieu'  sing'  miug',  to  save  life, 

LESSON  12.  BOATmG. 

"^fci  ^,'Sieii  jslicng,  nir;  teacher.^  ,Chcn,  true. 
0^  Hwa',  words.  [續" .寶 Shib  tsai'，  trubj. 

船 t  -C'liwen  'cliu,  chief  hoat-'^  .T'ing,  to  stop. 
碼 M  ，）[a  -t'eu,  jetfi/.  ^  .Yan,  to  scull. 

雜 .Mail,  anv/ior.  抛 ,r'au，  to  ''"st. 


[10] 


蓬 .P'eng,  sail.  起 'C'bi,  to  raise. 

下 Hia',  to  let  fall.  權、 'Lu,  a  scull . 

柴 Tsiang',  oar;  to  row.         慮 Shun',  favourable;  obedient 

開 船 ,K'ai  .c'hwcn,  to  start.  [Sj 東 Hiang'  ,tuiig,  to  go  east 

潮 水 .C'hau  ，slmi，  tide.        西 邊  ,Si  ,pien,  u'cstu'anl. 

南 .Nan,  soidh.  北 亩 Peh  mien',  northwards. 

修 ,Sicu,  to  repair.  往 'Wang,  to  go. 

先生 到那裏  jsien  jslieng  tau'  'na  ，li，  where  will  you  go,  sir  ？ 

現 在拋錨  liien《  tsai*^  ,p^au  .man,  noio  cast  anchor. 

四個 人搖船  SI*  ko(  .jen  .yau  .c'hwen,  four  men  are  sculling . 

往東走  'wang,  jtung  'tseu,  go  to  the  eastward. 

向 南邊去  liiang*  .nan  ,picn  c'hii',  go  to  the  southward. 

快 快起蓬 k'wai'  k'wai'  Vlii  .p'eng,  raise  the  sail  qaicUy. 

'1 矢 快 搖 k'wai*  k'wai'  .yau,  scull  quickly. 

眞是' i 失船 ,cheii  shi'  k(wai'  .c'hwen,  it  is  indeed  a  fast  boat. 

潮 沒有來 .c'hau  muh  'j^eu  .lai,  the  flood  tide  has  not  begun. 

順 虱 呢 shun'  ,fung  .ni,  is  the  'wind  fair  ？ 

^       ，lu  yau'  ，sieu，  the.  scull  needs  repairing. 
船 開 去 了  .c'liwen  ，k'ai  c'hii*  'liau,  the  boat  has  started. 
停 船 在 這 裏 .t'iug  .c'hwen  tsai'  clie'  ，li,  slop  the  boat  here. 
tt^ 船 主 ^  kiau'  .c'hweu  'cliu  .lai,  call  the  head  boatman  here. 

LESSON  13.    THE  HOUSE. 


前 f 3  .T'sicn  .mGn,  front  c/oor.iB  ,Kwan,  to  shut. 
蓋 Kai',  to  hidld;  cover.         玻 ,Po  .li，  glass. 
客 人 K'eli  .jen,  gued. 
開  ,K'ai,  to  open. 
堂 .T'ang,  hall. 
書 房 ,Shu  .fang,  Hbrari/. 
地 M  Ti(  'pan,  floor. 
t 妻 .Leu,  upper-story. 

上 .Leu  shang',  upstairs 


憲 ,C'li\vang,  window. 
臥 房 W  .fang,  bed  room. 
梯 ，T'i,  dairs. 
； j; 卓 Choh,  table. 
7^  'I,  chair. 
床 .C'hwang,  bed. 
帳 子 Chang'  jts'i,  curtain. 
火 爐 'Ho  .lu,  fire  stove. 


璃 懲 ，k、vaii  ,po  ，li  jC'hwaiig,  close  the  glass  windows. 


[ 11  ] 

在書斧 i 裏有的 tsai'  ,sliu  •■fang  ，li  'ycu  till,  in  the  library 

iiirre  are  mute. 

前 門不開  •t'sien  .men  puh  ,k'ai,  tJie  front  door  is  not  open 
or  the!!  do  not  open. 

墨 "~ * 條長墙 'lei  yih  .t'iau  .c'hang  .t'siaiig,  hdld  a  long  wall. 

_il 邊 蓋 樓 sliang'  ,pion  kai'  .leu,  build  an  upper-dory  above. 

客人坐 在堂上 k'eh  .jeu  tso'  tsai'  .fang  shang",  the  guests 
cm'  i>itt'ni(j  in  the  hall.  \iipstairs. 

樓上 沒宵 g  .leu  shang*  muli  'yeu  ,k'ung,  there  is  no  space 

客堂沒 有地板 k'eh  .fang  muh  'yen  ti(  'pan,  the  recep- 
tion J  Kill  has  no  wooden  floor. 

主 人坐南 'cliu  .jen  tso'  .nan,  the  master  sits  to  the  southward. 


LESSON  14.  MONEY. 

找 'Cliau,  pai/  a  remainder. 
農 洋 ,Ying  .yang,  Mex.  dollar. 
銀 子 .Yin  'ts'i,  silcer. 
還 .Hwan,  return  money. 
太少 T'ai'  'shau,  too  little. 
市 上 Shi'  shangS  in  the  market 

^  Pen  .t'sicn,  capital. 
齒 上 ,Kiai  shangS  in  the  street. 


^1  .T'sien,  money ;  cash. 
f 羊 .Yang  .t'sieu,  dollar. 
四 開 Si'  ，k'ai，  shillmg. 
値 Chih,  to  be  worth. 

換 Tui'  hwan',  exchange 
賤 Tsieii',  'poor ;  cheap. 
'TT  \pj  -Haug  .t'sing,  price. 
貝  Kwei',  honourable ;  dear.     '-  ，   , 

Wi 起 來 'Chang  Vhi  .lai,  rise  ^  Loh,  fall. . . 

hi g Iter,  (e.g.  price  of  dollars  ；  also  of  the  tide  rising.) 
~~ ' 雨 Yih  'liang,  tael;  ounce.  ^  .T'sien,  mace;  l-lOif//.  of  an  oz. 
分 ,ren,  candareen;  1-lOQ th  o/ 角 Kioh,  tenth  of  a  dollar. 

an  oz.  or  dollar. 
梵 換洋錢 tui'  hwan'  .yang  .t'sien,  change  the  dollars. 
找你二 百 i@ 錢 'chau  ，ni  er'  peh  ko'  .t'sien,  I  pay  you 

the  reriHi'mdet',  two  liundi-ed  ccish. 
多少 屬洋 ，to  'shau  ,ying  .yang,  hoic  many  Mexican  dollars  ？ 
市上 不得買 slu'  shang'  puh  teh  ，mai，  none  to  he  bought 

in  tJte  niarkvf. 

東西 貴得狠 ,tung  ,si  kwei'  teh  'hen,  the  things  are  vcnj  dear. 
详 價 i 張 起 來 .yang  kia'  'chang  'c'Li  .lai,  the  price  of  the 
dollar  is  riaiiKj. 


[ 12  ] 


還你 - ~ ■ 兩二 錢 -liwan  'ui  yili  'Hang  cr'  .t'sien,  I  return 

//oif  one  t(iel  and  tiro  n/acr. 
三 角 四 分 ,saii  kiuli  si'  ,fen,  tl/rca-tendts  and  fonr-hundreds 

of  ((  doUnr;  '-'A  cents.  [,>  r-//eap. 

^ 子 g 賤 .yiu  'tsi  hieii'  tsai'  tsicn',  at  pfcsent  silver 
價 錢 太 W  kia'  .t'sien  i'ai'  kwci',  '(Me  price  is  too  much. 
不 値 錢 pull  cliih  .t'sien,  it  is  not  worth  cmythiiig. 

LESSON  15.    THE  COUNTRY. 

本 鄉 'Pen  jliiang,  niy  viUarje. 種 地 Chung'  ti',  to  sotr. 

'T*  jHiaiighia', f/w  viilarjcs.'Yf  Cliuli,  or  chub  'tsi,  //am boo. 

,T'sun,  a  riliage.  'Li,  Chinese  mile. 

風 涼 ,Fuug  .liaiigi  cool.  二  ^  ,Sau  ，li，  Engliah  mile. 
花 草 ,Hwa  't'sau,  fioiccrs  and 走 遠 ，Tseu  ，yuen，  'walk  far. 

grass.  歇 llieh,  to  rest. 

今 年 ,Kiii  .nien,  this  year.    ^ 怕 Puh  p(a'，  not  fear. 
遊玩  .Yeu  Avan',  icalk  for  plea- ^ 路 Kin*  lu',  near  rocid. 
甲烏 子 Yali  'ts'i,  dtich.  會 走 Ilwei'  'tseu,  can  walk. 

看 鴨 K'an'  yah,  mdch  dii.chs. 辛 苦 ,fSin  ，k'u，  th'ed.  [renter. 
/]、 孩子， Siau  .hai 'ts'i, '力 風 , Fung  'shui,  wind  and 
庄 jChwang,  cluster  of  hoims; 竹 林 Chuh  .lin，  bamboo  grove. 

liomcdead.  榜、 f 林 Shu'  .lin,  a  wood. 
有 趣 'You  ,t(sii，  preitij.         刮 Kwah,  to  hi  on-. 
到 鄉 下 去 tau(  ，！ liang  Ida'  c'hii',  go  iulo  Ike  country. 
^5  ~P 人 Ilia'  .jen,  coimtryvum. 

上 街 市 去 了  yhang'  ,kiai  shi'  c'liii'  'liau,  to  go  to  market. 

看 鴨的人 k'an'  yah  till  .jen,  a  iluck-hceper. 

在 鄉 下 鶴 多 tsai'  jhiang  kia'  ，ki  ,to,  in  the  count nj  foich 

an'  nnnwroK^. 

走 路 辛 -苦 'tscu  In'  ,sin  'k'u,  he  u-alked  till  he  u'cts  tired. 
三 四 現 路 .san  s'i'  ，li  lu',  three  or  Jour  le.  [village. 
村  I*  姓 jt'sun  shang'  till  pcli  sing",  the  people  of  the 

下 yj、 孩 子 ,liiaiig  Ilia'  'siau  .liai  'tsi',  villa-ge  childrm. 

住 在 鄉 "1、 庄 上 chu'  tsai*  ,liiau.g  kia'  ,ckwaug  sliaug*> 

he  lives  in  a  cuvntri/  hamlet. 


[ 13  ] 

适 條 路 不 近 che'  jt'iaii  lii'  puli  kin',  this  road  is  not  nrnr. 

ML 水 狠 好  >tung  'shiii  'hen  'hau,  the  jwsHiou  is  very  (jood 
(literaUy)  the  wind  and  water  are  very  good. 

^ij  ^  J|i\j  ^  kwah  'c'lii  ,fung  .lai,  it  herjinH  to  hloic. 

~^、  ^1*0 路 遠 puh  p'a'  lu'  'yuen,  he  does  not  fear  the  distance. 

走 路 快 'tseu  lu'  k'wai',  lie  'walks  qiticldi/. 

花 有 'liwa  't'sau  'ycu  ，t'sii，  iJie  flourrs  are  jyreify. 

在竹林 裏遊玩 tsai'  cUuli  .lin  'li  .you  wan^,  ivandcr  for 
pleasure  in  hamhoo  groves. 

沒 有 風凉的 地 方 mull  'yeu  ,fuug  .liung  tih  ti'  ,fang, 

there  "  no  cool  place. 

LESSON  16.    THE  BODY. 

身 體 ,Sheu  ，！/ i,  the  body,        ^ 頭  K'oh  .t'cu,  iuahc  a  pros- 

^fI  ,Yen  jtsiug,  eyes.  帶 Tai',  to  carry.  [tration. 

瞎 Hiah,  blind.  \Jtnml 鄉  .Ilien,  hold  in  the  mouth. 

斬 手 'Chau  'sheu,  cut  off  the 站 ChanS  stand. 
^ 链 .T'eu  fall,  hair.  T'au,  to  ruH. 

弟 ij  T'i'，  shave.  餓 "Wo'，  hunrjrij. 

嘴 裏 ,Tsui  'li,  in  the  mouth. 跳 T'iau',  jump. 
大 脚 Ta'  kioh,  large  feet.      晚 拜  Ivwei'  pais  hied  and  bow. 

堂 Jliiing  .fang,  tho  chest.  4l、 腸 ,Sin  .c'hang,  heart. 
^      'Sheu  ,sin,  palm  of  hand,  ^jp]  'T*aiig,  to  lie  doivn. 
模 Moh,  to  touch.  • 生 病 ,Sheng  pingS  to  he  sick. 

flU    奮 了  'yeu  jtsing  hiali  'liau,  he  is  blind. 
^  了       病 jsheng  'liau  ta'  ping',  he  has  had  severe  illness. 
跑 在 路 上 'p'au  tsai  lu'  sliang',  running  on  the  road. 

了他的 5§  'chau  'liau  ，t'a  tih  .t'cu,  thei/  cut  off  his  head. 
站 起 來 chau'  Vhi  、lai,  stand  up. 

1'^* 在 床 上 't'ang  tsai'  .c'hwang  shang*,  he  is  hjinrj  in  heel. 
^ 在 ^ 裏 tai'  tsai'  'sheu  'li,  can'y  in  the  hand. 
寺 摸 ~- - 模 看 'sheu  moll  yih  moh  k'an*,  touch  it  with  your 
Jiainl  and  m'.  [^very  long. 

頭 髮 不狼長 .t'eu  fah  puh  'hen  .c'hang,  his  hair  is  not 
可 以 .跳 下 來 ，k'o  ，i  t'iau'  liia'  .lai,  you  may  juwp  doini. 


[ 14  ] 


塊 下 ^ 拜 他 k"'ei<  hia'  .lai  pai'  ,t^a,  kneel  iloivn  and 
bote  to  li tin . 

^ 要 弟 ij 頭 yau<  t'i'  .t'cu,  do  not  share  your  head. 
嘴裏, 什 東西 ,tsui  ，U  .Lieu  slieu'   mo  ,tung  ,si, 

'ichat  is  he  huldiiuj  in  his  ■inoulli. 

LESSON  17.  CONVERSATIOX. 

貴姓 

Kwei'  sing',  your  Hcime  ? 尊 ,Tsuu,  Jionoumhlc ;  ymr. 

.Ming,  proper  name,  寒 .Han,  cold;  mean ;  my. 

號 Hau',  lite )•(()•[/  ncDiie.  C'liu',  a  place.        \_nnme  ？ 

貴地 Kwei'  ti'，  your  home  ？  0j 姓 ,Kau  sing',  yow  high  siir- 
舍 下 She'  hai*,  my  cottage.  肯 庚 Kwei*  ,keng,  your  age  ？ 
令 Ling',  honoured;  yonr.       歲 >Sui',  years  of 呼； 

Pi',  poo)' ;  mean ;  ^       Ling'  .t'ang,  your  mother. 

令 ^  Liug'  Jang,  your  son.   寶 'l*au  ,kiueu,  ijour  wife. 

^Liiig'  ngai',  //our  daugJiter.  ^ 厲 ,Tsua  kia(，  you. 
家^^ ，  Kia  jkiuen,  wife  ami       ^^Kwei'  ,kan,  your  business. 

children.  貴 藥 Kwei'  yeh,  your  trade. 

寶 Tau，  valmMe.  ]|£ 刻 'T'si'  k'ch,  at  present. 

Pieh,  other.  ig 今 Hien'  ，km，  ditto. 

位 Wei',  numeral  for  men.  你 好 ，Ni  'hau,  are  you  ivell  ？ 
先 生尊姓  ,sien  jslieng  ,tsuti  siugS  teacher^  what  is  your 

貴 府那裏 

]vwei^  ，fu  ，丄 la  ，H，  where  is  your  homumhle  home  ？ 

幾時 到敝地  'ki  .slii'  tau*  pi《 ti(，  when  did  you  come  here  ？ 

貴國是 那一國  kwei'  kwoh  slu'  'na  yih  kwoh,  of  'what 
];i)}(l(loiii  are  >/on  / 

13  庚 ,kin  .nien  kwei'  ,keng,  liow  old  are  you  tJiis  year  ？ 

你來什 麽貴幹 'iii  .lai  shih  'mo  kwei'  ,kan,  on  what 

({fl'dir  Jtace  i/uit  come  ？ 

蜀 .l;iu  】da(，  I  hare  troithled  yon. 

令 郧幾歲  ling'  .lang  'ki  sui(，  hoic  old  is  your  sou  ？ 

蠻 眷 在 不 在 'pan  jkiuen  tsai'  puh  tsai',  is  your  wife  ivith 
you  or  not  / 

j^lj 號 呢 pieh  hau'  .ui,  what  is  your  Ulcranj  name  ？ 


[ 15  ] 

沒 有別的 話 說 muh  'you  pieh  till  hwa*  shwoh,  I  have 
not /ting  Diore  fo  .、■〃//. 

此》 j       做什 麽事 ，t'si'  k'eh  .lai  tso'  sliih  'mo  sill's  at 

prcsmt  wh((t  hare  you  co)iie  to  do  ？ 

LESSON  18.  TAILOR. 

裁 縫 .T'sai  iung,  a  tailor.    叙 子 'Nieu  'tsi,  button. 
'01*  ,Chen,  needle.  ~ • 工 Yih  ,kung,  one  day, s  worh 
牢  •Lau,  lasting;  strong.        叙 P  'Nieu  'k'eu,  button  hole、 
様 子 Yang'  ，tsi，  pattern.  子 .l"au  'tsi,  thick  robe, 

'縫 .Fung  (e),  a  seam;  to  s 柳. 背 ； lj>  Pei(  'sin,  waist  coat. 
大 呢 Ta(  .ni,  icoaUen  cloth.  剪 刀 'T^^ien  ,tau，  scksovs. 
鈔 ,Sha,  gauze.  變 T'ang',  to  iron. 

件 Kien',  numeral  for  garments. 絲 線 ,Si  sieu',  silk  thread. 
^ 掛 'Ma  kwaS  jacket.         錦 線 Mien  sienS  cotton  thready 
長 #  .Chang  jshan,  Jong  rohe)^ 金十 ，Ti  ,cbeii,  thimble. 
—  (01，  Chiang  pu'  ,shan.)         結 寶 Kieh  shih,  firm. 
'jj^  'Twan  ，shan，  short  co«^.||i{l 子 K'u  'tsi,  trowsers. 
汗 衫 Hau'  jshan,  shirt.        湖 .Hu'  ,cheu,  crape. 
先 ,Sien,  fird.  ^  ^  Heu'  .lai,  after. 

做 —- ■ 件 長 布 衫 tso'  yih  kicn'  .c'liang  pu'  ,shau,  'make 
a  louij  coftnn  robe. 

运 胃 .fung  tsai'  che*  mien',  place  the  scam  on  this  side. 

拿 呢 裁 樣 子 .ua  .ni  .t'sai  yaug'  'tsi,  t(tke  the  woollm  cloth 
and  cut  ottt  tlic  pattern , 

用 絲 線 縫 上 yung'  ，s'i  sien'  .fung  shang',  sew  it  with  silk. 

不 牢  .mien  sieii'  piih.  .lau,  cotton  thread  is  not  so  lasting. 

-" ' 件 '馬 桂 1、  yih  kien'  ，ma  kwa',  one  jaclief.     [blue  silk  gowns. 

做 兩 件 藍 綱 衫 tso'  'liang  kien'  .Ian  .c'heu  ,shaii,  make  two 

先 剪 樣 子 >sion  'tsien  yang'  'tsi',  first  cut  out  the  pattern. 

做 了 兩 工 tso'  'liau  'liang  ,kung,  I  have  done  two  da'ya,  work., 

穿 起 來 看 ,c'hwen  'c'lii  .lai  k'an*,  put  it  on  and  see. 

；;; Ac 呢 裁好了  ta'  .ni  .t'sai  'liau  'liau,  the  cloth  is  already  cut. 

•~ ■ 條呢 l/'ji 子 yih  .t'iau  .ni  k'u*  'tsi,  a  pair  of  cloth  trou-sers, 

夕 I* 國樣式 wai'  kwoh  yaiig'  sliih,  foreign  fashion. 

紐： f B 太 小 'uicu  ，k'eu  t'ai'  ，siau，  the  button  hole  is  too  small. 


[ 16  ] 


LESSON  19.  SOCIETY. 

朋 友 .P'eng  'you,  frieucL  頁 i|j>  .Liang  ，sin，  comcience. 

老 實 'Lau  shih,  honest.  做 官 Tso'  ,kwan,  be  in  office. 

品 'P'in  liing',  conduct.  懂 得 'Tung  tch,  nmkrstand, 

端 方 ,Twan  ,faiig,  upright.  老 午 'Lau  'tsi,  father. 

祧唆  ，T'imi  ,so,  so?c  discord.  娘 .Niang,  mother. 

flfi 們 ，Tsa  .man*  we.  |i 來  •T《sai  .lai,  just  come. 

纖見— p  'eng'  kicii'，  fo  meet.  長 輩 'Chang  pei',  superiors. 

)Tl 唐 ，Hwaiig  .fang,  fake.  禮 貌 ，  Li  mau(，  ； politeness. 

相 ^  ，Siaiig  ，ii，  mutual!}/.  ^ 白 .Ming  peh,  char  ；  hum. 
上 當 Shang'  tang',  fall  into 請 坐 'T'sing  tso'，  pkme  sit 
snares.  (hu'>i. 

家 信 Kia'  sin',  home  letter.     平 輩 .P'ing  pei(，  equals. 

亘忍 得 Jen*  teh,  to  know.  老 fif  'Tseu  'hau,  step  carefully. 

信 專 Sin'  sib,  news.  腕 擎 'Wan  pei'，  inferiors. 

不 認 得這 ia 人  pull  jen'  teh  che'  ko'  jon,  I  do  not 

Inioic  "lis  man, 

不 要上當  pull  'you  shang'  tano-',  do  not  fall  into  a  mare. 
他 上了當  ，t(a  shang*  ，liau  tang',  he  is  fallen  into  a  snare. 
請 坐 在 裏 't^sing  tso《  tsai'  clie'  ，li，  please  sit  here. 
你是 長輩， ni  sill'  'cliang  pei'，  you  are  superior.  [^inferiors. 
我們是 腕輩了  'wo  .men  sh'i'  'wan  pei'  'liau,  we  are  you}" 

那 個朋友 不老實 

that  fi-ic lid  IS  not  to  he  trusted. 

荒 唐的話  ,hwang  .t'ang  tih  hwa《,  li/ing  loords. 

老子 娘過了  'lau  'ts'i  .niang  kwo*  'liau,  his  father  and 
mother  are  no  more. 

負 們 f 董 得 'tsa  .men  'tung  tch,  ice  understand. 

良 4^、 不 好 .Hang  ,sin  puh  'liau,  his  conscience  is  at  fault. 

祧 唆別人  't'iau  ，so  pieli  .jen,  he  sowed  discoid  (im 職 (j  others. 

^       ^  ^2  'hen  'yeu  ，li  mau*,  he  has  vorij  much  politeness. 

他 要做宫 ,t'a  yau'  ts(/  ,k\van,  he  wishes  to  be  a  mmidarin. 

— ' 個 用 人 ^1 來 yili  ko《 yuLig"  .jeu  ,t(sai  .lai,  a  servant 
has  jmt  come. 

*  'Tta  .men,  xoe^  u.>,  or  we  and  you  ；  oxers  and  yours,    'Wo  »iiieu,  we;  厂 


[ 17  ] 


LESSON  20.  'MESSAGES. 

片 子   P'icn*  'tsi,    紙名 通報 ,T'uTig  pau*,  announce. 

，cM  .miug  visit—  card.     替 我 T'i'  'wo,  in  my  name. 
送客  Sung*  'k'cli,  escort  gnosis.'^ 新 Kau*  sii(,  mfoym. 
拿信. Na  sill',  tale  a  h'itev. 脚 夫 Kioh  ，fu，  a  runner. 
^ 信 Tai'  sm'，  carry  a  ]etter^\i 担 ，T'iau  ,tan,  carry  loads. 
|p1 信 Jlwei  sill',  reply  to  letter.^  ,C'hai,  send  (a  person). 
條紙  T'iau  'clii,  slip  of  paper.       Ki',  send  (letter  or  parcel). 
就 來 Tsieu'  .lai,  ('(me  dircctJi/.  ^ 信 'Tseu  sin*,  travel  with  leU 

,T'iau,  io  mr;v/,(with  a  yoke). 打 聽 'Ta  ,t*mg,  inquire. 
穩 .T'ai,    to   carnjy   (of   two 伯 局 Sin*  kiili,  letter  office. 

persons).  [he  is. 酒 錢 'Tsieu  .t'sien,  gratmty, 

問 安 "VTen'  jTig-an,  ask  how 騎 馬 .C'bi  'ma,  to  ride, 
信 船 Sin*  .c'hweu,  letter  Zw//*. 箱 子 ,SiaEg  'tsi,  chest. 
一 包 Yih  ，pau，  one  parcel.    禮 物 'Li  wuli,  presents. 
謝 謝 Sie'  sie*,  thanks.  封 ,Fung,  numeral  of  letters. 

送 片 子 去 sung'  p'ien*  'tsi  c'hii',  take  a  card  and  p)'esent  it. 
送客 到船上  sung*  k'eh  tau'  .c'hwen  stang',  escort  the 

rixitors  to  the  honf.  [Zo  your  home. 

帶信到 家裏去 tai'  sin*  tau'  ，kia  ，li  c'hii',  take  a  letter 
I 信 的拿去 'tseu  sin*  tih  .na  c'liii*,  the  post'mm  took  it. 
回 信 不 要 .Invci  sin'  puh  yau',  no  anstcer  is  wan  fed. 

間他安 謝謝他 weu'  ，t'a  ,ugau  ,siG  ,sie  ,t(a，  ask  how  he 

is  and  tluntk  —liim. 
差 ~ ' 個 人 ,c'hai  yih  ko'  .jen,  send  a  man. 
打 聽 明 白 ,ta  jt'iiig  .ming  peli,  inquire  fully, 
問你 的信' &  wen'  'iii  tih  sin'  sih,  mk  news  respecting  you. 
告 *  11^ 就要來 kau'  su,  ,t'a  tsieu'  yau'  .lai,  tell  him  to 

C(»)ic  at  once. 

兩 包禮物 'Hang  ,pau  'li  wuli,  two  parcels  conUdniug  prescnfs. 
穩四 雙茶箱 -t'ai  si'  chih  .c'ha  ,siang，  carry  four  tea  chests. 
德船 沒有到 sin'  .c'hwcu  niuh  'yen  tau',  the  kiter  boat 

has  not  am' mi. 
送 ~^ -       信 suiii;'  yih  jfung  sin',  lalw  one  kiter. 


[ 18  ] 


騎 馬 快 快 走 .c'lii  'ma  k'wai'  k'wai'  ，tseu，  go  quickhj  on 

•  [noume  it. 

走 進 去 通 報 'tseu  tsin'  c'hii'  ,t*ung  pau',  go  in  and  an- 

^  1§  jt'iau  jtung  ,si  c'hii',  carry  these  things  on  your 
shoulders. 

LESSON  21.  MEASURES. 
升 jSheiig,  pint  ？ ncasiire.        疋 P'ih,  40  feet  of  cloth;  a  piece. 
米 'Mi,  rice.  T'ang'，  column  of  characters 

•i"!*  ，Teu，  ten  sheng.  句 Kii',  sentence.  \Jtours. 

舞粉  Mien'  'fen,  flour.         時 候 .Sh'i  heu*,  two  English 

Huh,  five  teu.  刻 K'eh,  quarter  of  an  hour. 

/]、 麥 'Siau  meh  (mai()，  icheat.  ^  Yueh,  a  month. 

,Kang,  large  earthen  water- 正 月 ,Cheng  yueh,  1st  month. 
桶 'T'ung,  a  cask.        [vessel 滿 'Man,  full. 
南 水 'Yii  'shui,  rain  ivater.  步 Pu',  5  feet,  (land  measure). 
j$t  ,K'ung,  empty.        [vessel.  ^  'Meu,  240  square  pu'. 

Ung',  large  earthen  water- 過 Kwo*,  to  pass. 
§  Keu',  sufficient.  下 Hia<，  to  fall;  let  fall. 

一升米 不彀吃  yili  ,slieng  'mi  puh  keu'  c'hih,  a.  pint 
of  "cc  "  not  enouyh  for  him  to  eat.  [龍 &》， 憎 sds. 

買 雨 個 水 ^  ，！ nai  'liang  ko*  'shui  ,kang,  buy  two  large 
— 个 時 yih  ko'  .sh'i  heu',  one  Chinese  hour. 
- ~ ■ 句 不 說 yih  kii'  puh  sliwoh,  he  did  not  utter  a  sentence. 
— 句 不 yih  kii'liwa'  puh  keu',  one  sen  tence  is  not  enough. 
過 了 雨 個 時 kwo'  'liaii  'liang  ko*  .sh'i  heu*,  after  four 
不 — 個 月 pull'  man  yih  ko'  yueh,  not  a  full  month,  \_hours. 

ung  ,siang,  four  empty  trunks. 
不 過 四 斤 puh  kwo'  s'i*  ,kin,  not  more  than  four  catties. 
百四 +步 '  fiX  er'  peh  si'  shih  pu*  yih  ，meu,  240 
square  pu  make  one  meu. 

十 尺 - ~ - 疋 s'i(  shih  c'hih  yih  p'ih,  forty  feet  make  one  piece. 
寸 ~~ •  )^  shih  t'sun'  yih  c'hih,  ten  inches  one  foot. 

丈 shih  c'hih  yih  cliang',  ten  feet  one  cliang,  ^days. 
— - 兩 天 ,k'ung  ,san  'liang  ,t'ien,  at  leisure  for  two  or  three 
~ '  \^  i?^  .na  yili  't'uiig  'tsiou,  hrhiy  a  cask  of  n-ine. 


四十十 s 拿 


[ 19  J 


正 月裏不 S  ,cheng  yiieh  'li  puh  ,k'ung,  not  at  leisure 

*^%/l=， 麵"：  Icharacters. 
鳥 兩透子 ，sie  'liang  fang'  tsi',  write  a  few  columns  of 

~~ ' 亥 ij 工 夫 yili  k'eh  ,kung  ，fu，  a  quarter  of  an  hour's  work. 

"T*  了 雨不少 Ilia*  'liau  ，U  puh  'shau,  a  good  deal  of  rain  fell. 

在 水 叙 裏 tsai'  'shui  ,kang  'li,  in  the  water  tubs. 

滿到 ~~ "尺 多高 'man  tau'  yih  c'bi'h  ，to  ，kau，  filled  to 
more  than  a  foot  liigli. 

LESSON  22.  WORSHIP. 

拜 Pai',  to  worship.  上 帝 Shang'  ti'，  God. 

神道 .Shen  tauS  gods  (Tst).  3E  '^Yuh  t\',god  of  the  Taunts. 
神 明 .Shen  .ming,  ditto.  廟 宇 Miau'  'yii,  Tauist  temples. 
佛 Fuh,  Buddha;  Buddhas.  [ /^/'s.  ^  ,T'sien,  bamboo  divining  rods. 
^  ^Tsi'  'tsu,  sacrifice  to  ances-^  ^  .K'ieu  ,t'sien,  to  divine. 
菩薩 ,P'u  sah,  Buddhid  deitiesl^  jfl 印 ,Sin  .shen,  soul. 

('2nd  class).  求 ^  .K'ieu  ，ii，  pray  for  rain. 

羅 漢 .Lo  hanS  do.  (Srd  class). 財 .T'sai  .shen,  god  of  riches. 
寺院 Si'  yuen',  Buddhist  二 淸 ,San  ,t'sing,  three  pure 
j:ade>'".  [。麟 (Tauist (- 

和 尙 .Ho  shang',  Buddhist 道 士  Tau'  sh'i,  Tauist  priest. 
功 德 >Kung  teh,  merit,      應. 二 

,San  'pau,  three  jn'ecious 
燒 香 ,8hau  jhiang,  hum  in-      ones,  (Buddhist). 
火堯紙 jSliau  'chi,  burn  jxq^cr.       ^^Nieu'  ,\nv^,  chant  prayers. 
佛 教 Fuh  kiau',  Buddhist       添 上 ,T*ieii  shang',  to  add. 
面前 Mien'. t'sien'Zic/o"e.        '觀音 ,Kwaii  ,yin,  goddess  of 
直 姓 Peh  sing',  the  people.     ^ 女 Fu(  ，！ lii,  ivomen.  [tnercy. 

這 i 百姓拜 佛的多 che'  'li  peh  sing'  pai'  Fuh  tih  ,to, 

till'  people  liere  modhj  icomkip  Buddha. 

菩薩面 前燒香  •p'u  sah  mien'  .t'sien  ,shau  ,hiang,  hum 

iim'ii'se  he/ore  F'u  mh. 

上 廟 乎 裏 去 shang'  miau'  'ii  'li  c'liii',  to  go  into  the  temples. 
有 事 f 寿 求 载 'yeu  shi'  .t'sing  .k'ieu  ,t'sien,  if  anythinq  has 

JuippeiK'd  tlici/  inquire  of  the  gods  hy  divination. 

拜財 申的多 pai'  .t'sai  .shen  tih  ,to,  those  icho  iconhip  the 
god  of  riches  are  many. 


[ 20  ] 


佛 有 二 寶 Full  kiuu*  'yeu  ,sau  'pau,  f/w  BiuhUmt  religion 
}t"s  the  Three  precious  ones. 

教 有 二 淸 Tail'  kiau'  'yen  ,sau  ,t'sirig,  the  Taukt  religion 
h"'，  the  'Three  pure'  ones.  [^Loham. 
漢 有 十 八 個 .lo  han'  'yen  sliili  pah  ko'，  iliore  are  eighteen 

先智+ 六個 外國人 ,sien  'yen  sliili  lull  ko'  wai'  kwoh 
.joii,  (7f.  Jird  there  ircrc  stjiccii  forciijitci'.s. 

後來添 上雨個 中國人 liou'  .lai  ,t'ien  sliang'  'liang 

ko'  ,ohung  kwoh  .jen,  mid  aftencards  t"、o  Chinese  were  added. 

和 尙住在 寺院裏 .ho  shang^  chu《  tsai《  si'  yuen*  ，U, 

BiKhUii-st  priesU  lice  in  tlicir  mmi'ifci'ieH. 

燒 紙 拜 死 人 ,slia.u  ，ch'i  pai'  'si  .jen,  hum  jxqm-  to  worship 
'■7〃'  drad.  Irain. 
不 下 雨的時 候 pull  Ilia'  ，ii  till  .shi  lieu',  vhen  it  does  not 
官府 上廟求 jkwan  'fu  shang'  raiau'  .k'ieu  'ii,  the 

•muiidarim  visit  t/ic  te))q)les  to  pray  for  rain. 

LESSON  23.  MAN". 

肉 身 Juli  ,slien,  t//e  ho/If/.      能 够 .Neng  keu',  can. 
靈 ^  .Ling  .hwen,  the  soul.    ^  ^  Fuh  liwoli,  live  again. 
/J< 遠 'Yung  'yucn,  eternal.     複 生 Fuh  ,sheng,  live  again. 
生 出 來， Sliengc'huh  .lai，/>or〃. 長 臂 .C'liaiig  sheuS  old  age. 

善. Wei  slian*,  to  be  rirtnoHS. 生 病 ,Shoiig  ping',  to  be  sick. 
出 世  C'huh  shi"',  horn  into 醫不 來， 1  puh  .lai,  uicurabk. 

請 'W-  本 办 'Pen  fenS  duties. 

從乂_)、.1'8111]呂，81'&11，力，"〃川,/.禱救 Tch  kieuS  be  saved. 
老 A 家' Lau  -] 'eu  ,ki^,old mrm.^jj 蘇 .Yo  ,su，  Jems.  [s,„. 
達不多 ，C'ha  puh  ,to,  about; 腹 雜 Shuh  tsui',  redeem  from 

[heaven. 

性 命 ！ Sing(  .ming,  life.  上 天 Sliang'  ，t'icn，  ascend  to 

教 Xiau',  to  came.  [細" '.s?. 悔 改 'ITwei  'kai,  rqmit. 
忠 厚， Chungheu',/—/"/  ""(/ 相 信-:  •Sians:  sin',  helieve. 
肯 'K'ciif>,  viUiug.  總 要 4;，Tsung  yauS  you  must. 

肉 ^ 總 要 死 juh  ，shen  'tsung  yau'  V"  the  body  must  die. 
靈 魂不夕 .liDg  .liwon  pull  'si',  the  somI  (Joch  not  die. 
活 到 ^fC  jl^  liwoh  tau'  ^yung  'yuen,  live  forever. 


[ 21  ] 


人出 世 的後來  .jeu  c'huh  sill'  till  lieu'  .lai,  men  from 
thi'ir  cntiunicc  into  the  world  and  after.  ' 

全 是有罪 

.t'siuen  slii*  'yeu  tsui',  all  have  sin 
死了後 複活， SI  'linu  licu'  full  liwoh,  to  rise  ("jain,  after  death. 
耶 穌廳罪 

•Yu  ,su  shuli  tsui',  Jesus  ix'dmmfi'om  sin.  [/,yy  Josns. 
1^ 是耶 穌麼的 tsui'  slu'  .Ye  ,su  sliuli  till,  .vn  is  a  foiled  for 
不肯相 pull  'k  'eng  ，samg  sm'，  not  iviUiug  to  believe. 
好 人上天 ，hau  .jen  shaiig'  ,t'ien,  good  meu  mceml  to  hmrcn. 
病 醫 不 來 ping'  i'  pull  .lai,  the  disease  cannot  be  cured. 

LESSON  24.  TIME. 
明 天 .Ming  ，t'  ion,  to-inor)'oii\  *^  .C'hang,  constant. 
後 天 Heu'  jt'icn,  (h'j  u'fter  do. 叉 Yeu',  another;  again. 
昨 天 Tsoh  ,t'ien,  yesterday.    到 過 Tau'  kwo',  Juicing  gone. 
書 夜 Cheu'  ye(，  (hi!/  and  ";ght. 幾 ^  'Ki  hwi',  how  often  ？ 
此 後 'T'si  houS  henceforth.    來 年  •Lai  .nicn,  next  year. 
有 時 'Yeu  .sill,  sometimes.  ~~ ' 次 Yih  t'si',  once. 
— 會 Yih  hwei',  once.  炎口 今 .Ju  ，kin，  at  present. 

隔 Keh  (chieh),  to  separate.     立 刻 Lib  k'eh,  at  once, 
改 日 'Kai  jih,  another  day.    從前 .T'sung  .t'sien,  fonnerli/. 
再 T.^ai,  again.        [,。  oh  fain,       人 ，Ku  .jen,  ancient  men. 
難 得 .Nan  teh,  seldom  ；  hard 初 ，C'liu，./b 厂 the  first  time. 
日  .T'sicu  jih,  (htij  before        到 ,Sien  tau'，  first  come. 

yedcrdaij.  \_f/csterdaj/  he  did  not  come. 

他 lit"  B 子 ^ 來 ,t'a  .t'sien  jih  'tsi  puh  .lai,  the  day  before 
去 了 幾 會 c'liti'  'liau  'ki  hwei',  hoic  many,  times  has  he  gone  ？ 
從前有 运個事 情 -t'sung  .t'sien  'yeu  che'  ko'  slii'  .t'sing, 
foi-mcrhj  there  lutppotcd  litis  circumdance.  「(,  sayina. 

古 人 有 — 句 話 'kii  .jeu  'yeu  yih  ki'i'  Lwa',  the  ancients  have 
昨 天死了  t'^oh  ,t'ieii  'si  'liau,  he  died  yestenlai/. 
此 刻 繊 Wl  MS 的 't'si  k'ck  .c'heu  twau'  tsien'  tih,  (it  present 

ailH  (I ltd  !i(d;us  arc  cJieap. 
爲 善 的難 得看見 .wei  slian*  tih  .nan  teh  k(an'  kicn', 

fjie  cirtnoiis  arc  s'—'hhm  to  he  met  u';fh. 
初 到那裏 認 得 他 ，c'liu  tau'  'na  'II  jen'  tch  ，t'a,  on  first 

arrival  hoic  could  I  hww  hint  / 


[ 22  ] 

我們 先到 ，"'o  'men  ,sicn  tau',  n-e  arrived  first.  [acjain. 
—天 又來了  tsoli  ,t'icn  yeu'  .lai  'liau,  yesterday  he  came 
常做的 'c'hang  tso'  tih,  he  constanily  does  it.        【othe}'  day. 
~ ' 曰 去 ~ '會 keli  yih  jili  c'hii'  yili  hwei',  go  once  everi/ 


LESSON  25.  STREjS-GTH  AND  SKILL. 

聰 明 ,T'sung  .miiig,  intcUkjenf. 武 藝 'Wu  i\  military  arts. 

愈 幹 .Neng  kail',  jmiver.       手 藝 'Sheu  i',  handicraft. 

才 能 .T'sai  .neng,  ahility       手 段 'Sheu  twan*,  dexterity. 

會 Hwei',  can  (acquired  power). 坟 藝 'K'i  ？，  ingenious  arts. 

能 .Neng,  can  (natural  power). 玲 靖 |  .Ling  .lung,  clever. 

pf 以 'K'o  i、  you  may.         格 外 Keh  wai'，  extraordinary. 

霞 巧 .Liug  'c'hiau,  ingenious. 希 奇 ，Hi  .k'i，  wonderful, 

yf» 靈 Puh  .ling,  inefficacious.  本 事 'Pen  slii',  (si),  ahilitij. 

一禾出 ，T(iug  pull  c'hiih,  /氣力 C'lii'  lib,  strength. 

(/"  >"'t  hear.  / 猜. I       -Ngai  pen',  dupid、 

聽不來 ,T'ing  puh  .lai,  Jc""- 詧  'Kwan,  to  manage. 

看 得 來 K'an'  toll  Aciijcan  see-^^ 弱 'Jwan  job,  feeble. 

耳 杂 聽 不 來 'ri  'to  jt'ing  puh  .liu,  /  cannot  hear  (lit.  mi/ 
m'r's  ('ii、mM  hear. 

沒 有 本 事 做 官 muh  'yeu  'pen  sli?  tso'  Jcwan,  he  has  not 
Jl^lnliU^j^t  amindanu.  \_cannot  he  relieved. 

适 苦 難 不 BE 救 clie'  'k'u  nan'  puh  .neng  kieu(，  this  misery 

拜 道 他 們 不靈 pai*  .slien  tau'  ,t'a  .men  puh  .ling, 

t]ic  gods  if  i/ou  worship  them  are  inefficacious. 

不 能 進 城 puh  .neng  tsin'  .c'hcng,  you  cannot  enter  the  city. 
會 爲 pull  liwoi'  'sie  tsi',  he  cannot  irrite. 

他 們 格 夕卜 的 靈 巧 ,t'a  .men  keh  wai'  tih  .ling  'c'hiau, 

Uirij  are  exty(wrdiuarilij  clever. 
我 是 人 'wo  sill'  'slieu  i'  .jen,  I  am  a  handicraftsman. 

呆笨 的人. 錄不 來玲瓏 6i 工夫 .ngai  pen'  tih  .jen 
tso'  puh  .lai  .ling  .lung  tih  ,kung  ，fu，  duptd persons  cannot  do 
iugctiitixi^  vorh. 

氣 力有限 沒有武 藝 c'hi(  lih  'yeu  .liieu  niuh  'yeu  'wu  i', 
Jus  HtrctKjth  "  not  (jrcat,  and  lie  has  no  military  a.cc.ompUshmcnts. 


[ 23  ] 


LESSON  26.    MASONS'  WORK. 

SK  -Chweu,  by  ids.       [hHcks. 房 TM  'Fang  'ting  top  of  Jiouse. 
方 擧 5  ,Fang  jchwen,   square 屋基 Uh  ，ki，  foundation. 
^  'Wa,  hirn-tiles.  條 .T'iau,  numeral  of  length. 

泥 .Ni,  mud ;  tnortar.  'fM  ^  .Ilcng  .Hang,  cross  beams. 

泥 瓦 E      ，wa  tsiang(， 丽纖. 石 灰 Shih  ,liwei,  lime. 
-^1 作 Shih  tsoh,  stone-mason. 泥 刀 .Ni  ,tau,  trowel. 
二 層 ,San  .t'seng,  three  stories. .Liang,  to  measure. 
橋 .K'iau,  hndge.  ^       Chang  'twau,  long;  short. 

签 K'ung',  arch.  寬 ^  ,K'wan  tseh,  broad;  nar- 

^  j^.P'ai  Xgxjl,  ornamental  arch. .Shen,  deep.  [_row. 
蓋 房 Kai'  .fang,  to  hnild  a 商 量 ,Shang  .liaug,  to  consider 
/tou.<te.  about. 

甎 K 沒有 買來  jchwen  Va  muh  'yeu  'mai  .lai,  the  bricks 
and  tiles  are  not  i/H  bought  and  brought  home. 

叫 一個泥 K 匠來  kiau'  vih  ko'  .iii  ，wa  tsiang'  .lai,  call 

里盖； ^度 ，sliang  Hang'  kai'  .fang  uli,  confer  about  build' 

要 蓋兩層 樓 yau'  kai'  'Hang  .t'seng  .leu,  I  mint  to  hnild 
ttvo  stu )'"-''、  ahove  the  ground  foor. 

五十二 基 橋 'wu  shih  ，san  k'ung'  .c'hiau,  bridge  of  fifty 
three  areltea.  ， 

蓋房項 用多少 S  kai'  .fang  'ting  yung'  ，to  'shau  Va, 

in  covering  in  the  roof  how  many  tiles  shall  you  me  ？ 

牌褸多 ifift 攀重 女人的 .p'ai  .leu  ，t。  ,tu  Shi'  king' 

chung《  'uii  .jen  tih,  there  are  a  great  many  memorial  arches 
and  the)/  are  all  in  honour  of  womm, 

量量看 多少長 短 .Hang  .Hang  k'an^  ，to  'shau  .c'hang 
，twa】i，  Pleasure  it  to  scr  how  loiig  it  is, 

拿 泥刀多 擺 石 Pi  .iia  .ni  ,tau  ,to  ，pai  sliih  ,hwei,  talic 
ike  trowel  and  put  on  lAcnty  of  lime, 

橫 梁長 ~ "丈 半 -heng  .liang  .c'liang  yih  chang'  pan',  the 

cross  beams  are  fifteen  feet  long. 
寬窓 R 每 —— 寛 ,k'wan  tseli  (，chai)  ，！ na  yih  c'hili  ,k、'an, 

m  to  width  let  them  be  a  foot  wide. 


[ 24  ] 

LESSON  27.  STUDY. 
讀 書 Tub  ,shn,  to  study.       方 字 ,Fang  tsi',  square  let  ten. 
本 'Pen,  numeral  of  books.       四 書 Si*  ,shu,  Four  hoots. 
肇墨  Pih  meli,  pens  and  ink. 五 'Wu  ,king,  Five  classics. 
女 墨 .Wen  meh,  dyh.  孝 Hiau'  ,king,  Book  of  filial 

5 楚 'T'sing  'c'hu,  clear.       」—"  [character  classic. 

文 M  .Wen  ，li，  hook  siyk.      三字經 ,San  ts'i'  ,king,  Three 
文 章 .Wen  jchang,  essays.     /|、       'Siau  shwoh,  novels. 
發 達 Fah  tah,  rise  in  life.      幾 卷 ，  Ki  kiiien',  how  many 
雅 ，Ya，  elegant  chapters  ？ 

用 工 Yung'  ,kung,  he  diligent.^ 卷 ,K'ai  kiuen',  open  a  hook. 
偷 閱 ，T'eu  hien',  icaste  time. 多 看 ,To  k'an',  rend  much. 
偷 tB  ，Lau  toS  lazy.  ^ 處 Yih  c'hu',  benefit. 

解 說 'Kiai  shwoli,  explanation.^ 書 Kiau'  ,.shu,  teach. 
i 主 解 Cliu'  'kiai,  commenfar//. 閒 書 .Hien  ,shu,  light  books. 
要 緊 Yai"  'kin,  important.    也 'Ye,  also.  [ 賺"， 

不 是 讀 書 人 puh  shi'  tuh  ,shu  .jen,  he  is  not  a  Utcranj 

用工可 以發達 yung'  ,kung  ，k'o  ，i  fah  tah,  if  you  are 

diligent  you  'will  rise  'ni  life. 

書 裏 的 話 ^ 文 理 ,slm  ，li  till  hwa'  kiau'  .wen  ，li，  phrases 

used  in  J)oo];h  are  called  weu  li. 

要 多 看 ，shu  yau'  ,to  k'an(,  hooks  mud  be  much  read. 
在 老 家 教 書 tsai'  'lau  ,kia  kiau*  ,shu,  he  keeps  a  school  at 

}t is  OlCii  /loiilr. 

不 多 看 沒 有 益 處 pull  ,to  k'an'  mull  'yeu  yih  c'hu',  if 

you  do  not  read  'mac'h,  it  will  be  of  no  use. 

"^{j 讀 四 ,sien  tuli  s'i'  ,sliu,  first  nfudy  tJic  Four  hooks. 

後來 看五經 W  .lai  k'  an'  'wu  ，king，  (oid  qftenvards  read 
the  Five  cias.sic.s. 

閒 書 ？』、 說 不 好 看 .liien  ,shii  'siau  sliwoli  puli  'liau  k'au', 

li(//if  literaiure  and  novels  are  not  good  to  read. 

教 小 孩 子 kiau'  ，siau  .liai  tsi',  in  teaching  boys. 

先 要 用 方 字 ，sien  yau*  yiiiig*  ,fang  tsi',  you  must  first  me 
square  cliaractcrs,  {written  on  squares  of  red  paper) . 

适 本 書 幾 卷 che'  'pen  ，slm  'ki  kiuen',  /loiv  mm!j  chapters 
doci  ihia  book  contain  / 


[ 25  ] 

不 會做文 章 pull  liwci'  tso(  .wen  ,c]iang,  he  cannot  write 
e，>js'  \_hnpoHant  hook. 

也是 要緊的 書 'ye  sh'i'  yau'  'kin  till  ,slm,  this  is  aim  an 

LESSON  28.  ANCESTORS. 

爺 .To,  fa/her.  葬 堙 Tsan-' 

祖 3c  'Tsu  fuS  (jra ml- father.  A  土 

Juh't^u,  enter  the  ground. 
會 A  'Tseng  ，tsu，  great  ditto. 忘 旨 5  -Wang  ki',  forqet. 

在上 

高 祖 ,Kau  'tsu,  ancestor  of  照 應 Chou'  yingS  take  care  of. 
M 本 ,Ken  'pen,  roof.  'Sau,  sicccp.  {temple. 

傳 1、  .C'huen  hm'，f/W;><"'f/o"' "、示 f|) 堂 .T'si   .fang,  ancestral 

子 Hiau'  'tsi,  jUial  son.  ^  .Ming  ts'i',  name. 

棺柳， Kwan  k、voh,         （^蘭 (？. 再 題 Tsai'  .t'i,  mention  again. 
做 墳 Tso'  .fen,  mal;e  a  (jmve.'^ 宗 'Tsu  ,tsung,  anccdovs. 
子 孫 'Tsi  ,sun,  posterifi/.        ^  Tsi',  to  aacrifice. 

祖宗是 根 本 'tsu  ,tsung  shi<  ,ken  'pen,  ancestors  are  the  root 

from  whirl!  )m'n  couc. 

人 全是祖 宗傳 下來的 .jen  .t^^iuen  slii'  ,tsu  ,tsun- 
c'liwcii  lua'  .liii  till,  mm  all  spring  from  the  stock  of  their 


祭祖宗 Sfl 三代 tsi'  'tsu  ,tsimg  tau'  ,san  tai',  sacrifice  to 
anceatorn  to  the  tJiird  goioration. 

义毋祖 义首， 高祖 祭的多 fu' ，腿， 'tsu  fuS  ,tseng 
fu'，  'kau  'tsu,  tsi'  tiii  ,to,  parent grand-father,  great  ffraiid- 
fathor,  (I  ml  great  great  g  r  mid-fat  lie  r  are  sacrificed  to  hij  inmy. 

不 做 棺 pull  tso'  ,kwau  kwoh,  he  did  not  make  a 
cofti)i  and  case. 

不 是 子 pull  sill'  liiau'  'tsi,  he  is  not  a  filial  son. 

上 輩 的 名 sliiing'  pei'  tib  .ming  tsi',  the  names  of  elders 

[in  iJtc  anrcstorial  line).  \_tionpd 
可 以 再 ])uh  'k'o  ，i  tsai'  .t'i,  should  not  be  again  men- 
姓 李 的 JlipJ 堂 sing'  ，li  tih  .t's'i  .t'aug,  ancedral  toiiple  of  the 

Li  family.  [  fhu'(>)'s  ？ 

那一檬 的花草 ，'ia  yi'li  yang'  tih  ，！ iwa  ，t  ^sau,  irh  ich  sort  of 
不從 根本上 生出來 puh  .t'sung  ,kcn  'pen  shaug'  ,slieng 

c'liuU  .lai,  k  not  jrrodiivt  d  from  a  root. 


[ 2G  ] 


LESSON  29.  SERVANTS. 

相 ^  jSiang  ,pang,  assist.  動 氣 Tung'  c'lii',  to  he  angry. 
使 喚 'Shi  hwanS  to  employ. 躭 ) 睡  ，Tan  wu',  injury  by  delay. 
喫 飽 C'hih  ，pau,  eat  enough. 姑 娘 ,Ku  .niang,  girl;  ymng 
戲 ^  Ngo*  'si,  starve.  不 得 Puli  teh,  must  not.  1—' 

凍 死 Tung'  'si,  freeze  to  death. P'ien',  to  cheat. 
家主， Kia'chu ，觸 sZero//(7/m7y. 東髮 ,Tung  ,kia,  master. 
飯 Tso'  fan',  to  cook.  開 消 ,K'  ai  ,siau,  expend. 


茶 飯 T'sai'  fail',  tegdahles 看 房 子 ,K'an  .fang  'tsi,  take 
and  rice.  carp  of  a  house. 

省 儉 'Sheng  kien(，  economical.}^ 攝 ,Sheu  sheh,  gather  up. 

乾 淨 ,Kan  tsingS  clean.         /|、 藤 'Siau  ,s'i，  n-aiting  boy. 

勤 .C'hin,  industrious.  根班 |^,Ken  ,pan  till,  servant. 

齊 整 -T'si  'chcng,  orderli/.      留 心 .Lieu  ,siii,  apply  the  mind. 

完 .Wan,  finished.  '照 應 Chan'  ring*,  take  care  of 

東西都 要乾淨  ,tung  ,si  ,tu  yau^  ,lvan  tsing、  everything 
mmt  he  clean. 

使喚 的人不 少一百  'shi  hwan'  tih  .jen  puh  'shan  yih 
poll,  the  number  of  servants  employed  k  not  less  f/nni  a  ！ mm! red. 

rr 夫 沒 有 做 完 'kung  ，fu  inuh,  'yeu  tso'  .wan,  the  icork  is 
not  yet  done. 

兩 個 乂 j、 爾 看费子 'liang  ko'  'siau  ,si  ,k'an  ,fang  'tsi,  two 
n- ait  lug  boj/s  I,- opt  the  house. 

家 主 4l、  ,kia  'chu  'hau  ，sin，,,/w  tnaster  is  well  disposed. 

照 應照應 他們  chau'  yiiig'  chau'  ying'  ，t(a  .men,  taJce 

care  of  thorn.  [^o  he  frozen  - 

不教 他凍死 puh  kiau(  ,t'a  tung'  ，s'i，  he  will  not  allow  them 
也 不 教 他 餓 死 'ye  pull  kiau'  ，t'a  ngo'  si',  nor  to  he  starved. 
你 不 得驗我 'ni  puli  tch  p'ien*  'wo,  you  must  not  cheat  me. 
東 西 不 留 心 jtung  ,si  puh  .lieu  ，sin，  you  do  not  take  care 

of  ih  i)ig-s. 

不在 時候上 做 pull  tsai'  .sli'i  heu'  shang'  tso',  you  do  not 
do  tiling  a  at  tlic  proper  time.  [jy  neglect. 

就俠了 東家 ，tan  wu'  'liau  ,tung  ,lda,  you  injure  your  master 
總要齊 牢   Xsuiig  yau'  .t'si  'chcng,  {U'cy)  mmt  be  put  in  order. 


[ 27  ] 


LESSON  30.  TRADE. 

算盤  Swan'  .p'an,  abacus.      便 ！ S  .P'ien  .i,  c/<oap.    [/^。 腿. 

淸 楚 ，T'siiig  'c'hu,  distinct.    茶 梭 .C'lia  chaii',  tm  ware- 

jf>(IJ 算 Si'  swan*,  carefully  count. \^  Kwei*,  counter. 

算 帳 Swau'  cliang*,  calculate. 當 濯 的   ,Taug   kwci'  tih, 

開 店 ,K'ai  tien',  open  a  shop.  shopman. 

夥 ffl*  'Hwo  ki',  aasiatant.  本 Sh'ili  'peu,  lose  capital. 

斗 种 'Teu  c'iieng',  measures 叨 光 ,T'au  ,k\vang,  hey  favour. 

請 I  "'eights.  九八銀    'Kieu    pah  .yin, 

本 ^§  Ten  .t'sien,  capital.  Shnngltai  sycee* 

錢 Li'  .t'sien,  interest.       T;?§ 頭 'Ma  .t'eu,  poi't ;  jetty. 
盤費 

.P'au  fei*,  €xj)&HS€s.  關 ^Ilai  jkwan,  ciisto7n  house. 

•P'ing,  Jmt.        完 ^  .Wan  shui',  pmi  custom. 

不封 

l)uh  tui'，  not  agree.       數 目  Shu*  muh,  numbers. 

數 目不對 sliu'  iiiuli  puh  tui'，  the  numbers  do  not  agree. 

种的斤 雨不對  c'licng'  till  ，kiii  'liaiig  puli  tui',  the  weight 
in  cattiPH  and  ounces  dues  not  agree. 

算得不 'J^  swan'  teh  puh  ,t'sing,  it  is  not  clcorhj  cnlcxdated. 

開店生 意不大 jk'ai  tieu'  ,sheng  i'  puh  ta',  ichen  he  opened 
shop,  ]i  is  trade  was  sijuill. 

當 ffi 的 說叨光 ,tang  kwei'  tih  sliwoli  ,V  au  jkwang,  the 

'shopman  said,  rn(i"  I  heq  custom. 

還 他二萬 九八銀  .hwau  ,t'a  er'  wan*  'kieu  pah  .yin, 
pay  It  tin  timittj  tlioumnd  IShaiifjhai  taels. 

有 本 nmli  'yeu  'pen  .t'sien,  he  has  no  capital. 
城 裏 茶 枝 多 .c'hong  'li  .c'ha  chan'  ,to，  the  iea  u-are-houses 

ill  the  ciit/  are  mnneroiis.  \Jionest 
夥 計 不 實 'to  ki'  puh  'lau  sliili,  the  assistants  avc  dis- 

LESS0;N"  31.  WAR. 

兵丁  ,Ping  jting,  soldier.  t'^  Fu  .d'hrnn, floating hridge. 

官兵 ,Kwan  ,ping,  ditto.  ^  ^  ,Ngau  .mm,  jmcifi/ jycople. 
得 勝 Tell  sheng',  conquer.      投 ^  .T'eu  .lio,  leap  into  a  river. 


Literally,  silver  at  two  per  cent  discount.    Kieu  pah  means  ninety  eight  in 
a  hundred. 


[ 28  ] 


赢 了  .Ying  'liau, 議.  投 井 .T'eu  'tsing,  k((p  info  a 

輸 ,81iu,  defeated.  M  ，Si  corpses. 

ij^ 仗 'T;i  ohaiigS  to  fight.       隊 fg.  Tui'  '\vu,  rank  and  file. 
^ 仗 Pai'  chaiig',  dofcat.       規 矩， K、\'ei，ki.i， wY/er/y co;"/'"('《. 
圍 困 .Wei  k*  wunS  hesicgc.  伏 .Mai  full,  ambush. 

領 兵 'Ling  ,piiig,  lead  soldiers.^ 筒 Hau*  't'ling,  trumpet. 
放 火 Fang'  'liwo,  sd  on  fire. 看 更 K'an'  ,keng,  heep  watch. 
驚 人 'Lu  .jcn,  Hcize  men.       口 號 'K'eu  liau',  u'afchtcord. 

人 ,La  .jen,  drag  aivay  tnen.^^  ^  Pau'  .t'ai,  battery. 
守 'Sheu,  to  keep.     [  plunder. 放 袍 Fang'  p'au',  fire  cannon. 
* 奪 Zli^g  toh，  rob  and  [jkc  city. 

官兵寸 城 jkwan  ,])ing  'sheu  .c'lieng,  mandarin  sohliers  keep 
打了一 個圾仗  'ta  'liau  yih  ko'  pai'  cluing',  the//  fought 


t】"、！f  cannot  conquer. 

前兩 天赢了  .t'sien  'liang  ，t'ien  .yiiig  'liuu,  two  days  since 
thcjl  (jai)ir'i  (I  ricfori/. 

城 墙 不 堅 固 -c'lieng  .t'siang  puli  ,kion  ku'，  the  cih/  u'a.U  is 
not  strouii.  [the  rivers. 

男 人 投 了 河 'nan  .jcn  .t'eu  'liiiu  .lio,  the  men  leaped  into 
女人 校了井 'iiii 

•jen  .t'eii  'liau  'tsing,  the  women  thr&w 
thcinw'h'f's  info  the  wells. 

； ^  )^       tso'  .fu  .c'liiau  kwo'  c'liii',  thcij  made  a  floating 

hrhhjv  to  hi/.  [captiveH. 
要 廣 人 去 的 yau'  'lu  .jeu  c'lili'  till,  tJici/  cavyy  aicaij  men  as 

守 ffi.  pull  '«lieu  tui'  ，wu,  thi'ij  do  uof  keep  rank. 
^  了        ^       'ling  'liau  ,san  wan'  ,piiig,  he  marched  at  the 

head  of  tliirh/  tkcntmud  soldiers. 
不 許 搶 奪 pull  'lili  't'siang  toll,  rohhery  is  forbidden. 

夜的 P 號 ,kin  yo'  till  'k'euhau',  the pms-iconlfor  to-n'ujht. 

LESSON  32.  SURGERY. 

^  .]\[ing  ,slierig,  reputution.^  f^-She'shang",  how-sliot  wound. 
^  .Ming  ,\,  fcnni'd  sHrgco)i.  ^  ^    'JNiu    tsien(，  cross-how 
忽？ Hull 小"1，  nncxpedccUy.  •  [vegetable.) 

igjjllau'  .c'liau,  lUm  dijnmi>j.t%  5§  ,Wu  .t'eu,  {name  of  a 


[ 29  ] 

華 陀 .Ilwa  .t'o,  {a  noted  si(r- 毒 藥 Tuh  yoli,  poison. 

脅 l'i'，  arw.  !>wO:^  ^  Ta'  .p'en,  b("'<je  ha^in. 

j}^  Chang'  .fang,  foi  f. [>, 厂 w. 接 ifH  Tsit、>li  liiueli,  receive  blood. 

"ffjj 臂 jSlien  pi',  d.n'kh  out  ？ 7〃' 怕 痛 P'li/  fear  pain. 

疼 .T'cng,  pdin.  ^jlj 開  Koh  ,k'ai,  cut  open. 

^     'T'an  hiii^han'  ihe  s/ionliler.J^ 肉 .P'i  juh,  skin  and  flesh. 

Jjfl  ^riiueh'  'kwaii,  J>lood-voHHel. — ' 直  Yih  ch'ib,  utraigJd. 

翻吴子 ,Kwan  ,fu  'tsi,  {the        T'ieh,  to  stick. 

<Jod  of  war,  Kican  i/iiii  chang.)^ 藥 ，K;ui  yoh,  phmlcr. 

漢朝有 闘夫子  Item'  .c'hau  'yeu  ,Kvvan  ,fu  'tsi,  in  the 
(li/niisfi/  there  was  Kican  fu  tsi,  {the  god  of  war.) 

被 那弩箭 射傷了  pei'*  na<  ，im  tsien^  she'  ,sliang  'liau, 
lie  ica^  ivoundcd  hi/  a  cross-hoic  arrow. 

忽然 一個人 來告訴  huh  . j ail  yih  ko^  •  j en  .  1  ai  kau^ 

su、  at  an  aucrpccfcd  mom('}d、  there  came  a  man  to  mi/, 

名醫 華陀疆 * 了  .ming  ，i  .hwa  .t/o  .t^sai  .lai  'liau,  the 

celebrated  sitrgvvn  Hica-to  had  juH  arriveiL 

R 靑 他 5^       ^  ^  't'siiig  ，t<a  tsiu'  cliaug^  .fang  .lui,  he  was 

uirited  to  enter  the  tent. 

傷褢有 烏頭藥 ，li  'yeu  ,wu  .t'eu  yoh,  in  thi>  tvound 
there  was  a  cc(jvt(d)]e  poiwH  calhd  JFu-f'cii. 

一  \k 到 骨歳 Sl^ 裏 yili  chili  tail'  kub  .t'eu  na(  ，li，  dmi'jht 
i)i  (o  the  hoiw. 

不 是 早 W  pull  sli'f'  'tsau  ，i,  if  not  cured  early. 
运個臂 沒 有 用 clic'  ko'  pi'  mull  'yeu  yung',  the  arm 

aoald  he  of  no  use. 

^       yj  'i?licu  'H  .mi  tail',  in  Ji is  hand  lie  held  a  Iniifc. 

:A:^^bWl£TftM  ta'  .p'en  tsai'  pi'  ，ti  hia'  tsieh 

liiueli,  a  hifQc  basin  inulvr  tito  an"  to  eafck  blood. 
闘 夫 子 伸 手 Kwan  ,fa  'tsi  ,,shen  'sheu,  the  god  of  tear  held 
out  h is  "nu. 

租 1、 衣 月提 'fan  Ilia'  ,i  full,  and  bared  /</、'  shoiikler  of  clothing. 
叫 傘 陀 割 開 kiau'  .llwa  .t'o  koh  ，k'ai，  for  Jlica-to  to 

cut  it  open. 

~ ■ 揮！^ 不怕 痛 yih  'ticu  pull  p'a'  t'ung'  (.t'eng),  lie  did  not  in 

the  least  fear  pq'ui. 

* 】'd  is  the  Bigii  of  f lio  passive. 


[ 30  ] 


把 刀向骨 頭上刮 去毒氣  'pa  jtfiu  liiang'  kuli  .t'eu 

kwali  c'liir  tuh  c'lii',  he  took  the  knife  and  approaching 
tit''  honi'  .srrdfr/irt/  aictn/  tlir  j)oisu>i. 

後來把 皮肉鏠 ^來 hcu'  .lai  'pa  .p'i  juh  .fung  Vhi 

，lai，  afto'tcards  the  .s'/,'/"  afid  Jlcsh  were  sewn  up.  \_mnch 
關 夫 子 大 笑 ,K\v;iii  ,fu  'ts'i  ta'  siau',  Kwan  fa  tsi  laughed 
說 閒 話 .shwoli  sliwoh  .liicu  liwa',  and  talked  on  ordinary 

SUI)Jlxtfi. 

LESSON  33.    THE  WELL. 
座 Tso',  numeral  of  wells,  】iouses，  clocks,  hills,  graves,  &c. 
井 邊 'Tsitig  ,picn,  side  of  icell. 連 ,Si'ang  .lien,  connected. 
井 水 'Tsiiig  'slmi,  irell  wafer. 天 熱 ,T'ieu  jeh,  hot  weather. 
天 井 ,T'ion  'tsiug,  square  eunrt.^,       'Wan  sliang',  at  evening. 
共 Ivung',  common.  报 開 Kiueh  ，k'ai,  dig  open. [耻 

誠 水 .Hieu  'shui,  Wider.  ^ 卞 |f  Tiau'  't'ung,  hantjiug  hue- 
同 鄉. T'uiig'，lii;i"g 、-、 丫續' r 〃—： 麻綱 .Ma  .slieng,  hempen  rope. 

子 Tseli  'tsi,  hom:'sh'(i(!.  深 淺 ,8hen  't'ien,  deep  shallow. 
？堯 花, Ki:iu，  liwa,  ivater  /?o"t 厂 s. 桃 7K  ，'丄 ，'iau  'shui,  cam/  water, 
m 地 T  'iou  ti(,  cullivated  hmd,'^ 水 ，Ta  'shui,  tahe  up  water. 
^ 水 Tiau'  'shui,  rake  車 水 ,C'he  'shui,  ； piu"p  ivater. 

瓶放 在井裏  .iVing  fang*  tsai'  ，tsing  ，li,  place  the  bottle 
in  the  well. 

同鄕共 井的人  .t'ung  ,liiang  kmig'  'tsiiig  tih  .jen,  men 

of  the  sauie  village  and  a  comwo"  n-cll. 

上 坐 在 井 邊 wan'  sliaiig'  tso'  tsai'  'tsiug  ,pien,  at  night 
mt  hj  t!i::c".  a  little  salt 

井 水 有 些 'tsing  'sluii  'you  ,sio  .liieu,  the  u- titer  in  the  well 
甲 桶放下 去 tiau'  't'ung  fang'  liia'  c'liil',  let  down  the  bucket. 
打 水 的 人 'ta  '.sliui  tih  .jen,  the  wafer  hearer. 
挑 水 回 ,t'iau  'shui  .Invci  c'liii',  mrry       water  hack. 
^ 起 水 來 'yau  'c'bi  'slmi  .Lii,  take  up  ivater. 
<^ 車 水 .iiieu  'c'lie  'slmi,  tltc  huUoch  pumped  icatcr. 
井 掘 開 來 'tsin;f  kiueh  ,k'ai  .ltd,  the  u'eU  was  dag. 
用 麻 /^TE 书起桶 來 yung'  .ma  .slicng  tiau'  'c'lii  't'ung 
.lai，  (Iran-  up  miter  icith  a  rope.  "  machine. 

井 的 上 逾 有 't.sing  till  sliang'  .pien  'ycu  ,c'hc,  above  the 


[ 31  ] 


LESSON  DlNNEil. 

兒 .Er,  terminal  particle  placed  after  most  nouns  in  the  nor- 
thern dialect. 

便飯  Pien'  faii^,  ordinary  mrak'^        Tsiii' hoh，  drink  again, 
不 過 Pull  kwoS  onl!/  (initial). 挺 鈸  T'si'  fan',  grant  me  rice. 
罷 了  IV  'liau,  onhj  (final),         M  .C'lm  .faug,  Utchcn. 
停 .T'iiig,  wait.  ^  ^  ,Ki  ,t'ang,  Jm'l  hroth. 

-— 會 Yih  liwci',  a  little ;  o""'. 燕 Yen'  ，、vo，  birds'  nests. 
擺 飯 Tai  fail',  k"j  the  table. 添  ，T'ien，  add ;  give  more. 
_L 茶 Shang'  t'sai',  put  the 飽 了  'Pan  'liau,  satisfied. 

=(>,s  on  the  table.  ^  'Tau  .c'ha,  pour  out  tea. 

g  IK  'c'lii  'kan,  how  dare  I ?  ^ ,Chwang  ,yon,  put  in 
S4 酒， Clien  'tsieu,  pour  out  wine.  tobacco. 
承惠. C'henghwei'，m;(n>"V"(f- 把 'Pu,  fair. 
'洪 ^.C'hi  .G'hn,  male  tea.  I'^^^^-fQ  ,Twan,  p!(u'<、. 
雨 S  'Liang  ,pei,  iwo  cujjs.    椎 霧 ，T'ui  .t'si,  refuse. 
對飲 Tui'  'yin,  to  drink  togcthc)\^%  Tsui^,  elevated  by  wine. 
癔 是便飯  clie'  shi'  pien'  fan',  this  is  an  ordinnri/  dinnrr. 
飯 好沒有  fan*  'hau  rauli  'yeu,  is  the  rice  bo/Jed  or  not  ？ 

便 呢 t'sai*  pien*  .ni,  are  the.  meat  and  vegetables  ready  ？ 
停 ~~ ■ 會兒 .t'ing  yih  hwei'  .or,  wait  a  little. 
就 便 了  tsieu'  picn'  'liau,  thei/  will  then  be  readrf. 
擺 WL 上 菜 'pai  fan'  shang'  t'sai',  spread  the  table,  bring  the 


我 們 對 飮 罷了  'wo  .men  tui*  'yin  pa'  'liau,  we  will  just 
沒 有 甚 麽 好 荣 muh  'yeu  sken'  'mo  'hau  t'sai',  I  have  no 


多 兩 盃 ，to  lioli  'Hang  ,pci,  take  a  cup  or  two  more. 
承 惠 得 狠 .c'heug  hwei'  tell  'hen,  I  receicc  the  greatest  Idnd- 
ness/rom  you. 

酒不 可以喝 酉$  'tsieu  pull  ，k(o  'i  hob.  tsui',  I  must  not 
fake  wine  so  as  to  become  elevated. 

賜飯罷 fail'         grant  mc  ncc. 


[ 32  ] 

這個是 燕窝湯 cbe'  ko'  shi'  yen'  ,wo  ,t'ang,  this  is  birds' 
戮 t.  sonp.  Igucsh. 
替客 人添飯  t'i'  k(eh  .jen  ，t'ien  fan',  give  more  rice  to  the 

tt4 厨 子 收 拾 kiau'  .c'hu  'tsi  .slieu  shih,  tell  the  cook  to  put 
things  away  in  order. 

LESSON  35.    ARRESTmG  A  CRIMINAL. 

知 縣 ,Clii  hien*,  magistrate.  串 通 ,C'hwen  ，t'm]g，  secretly 
妄 "^Wang*  kau.' , false/ 1/  accuse,    form  connection  with. 
告 不 Kau*  sh'iS  prodamation. 唆 訟 ,So  sung',  induce  to  accuse. 
貝 fi  ！ ii  T'ieli  c'liuli,  to  paste  np.}^  $|  Tien'  p'u',  a  shop. 

殺 ,C'hai  yih,  nmacnger.    縣 Hien',  citi/  of  3rd  class. 
書 殺 Shu  yih,  secretary.        窝 留 ,Wo  .lieu,  shelter  thieves. 
j{ 率 票 .P'ai  p'iau*,  written  order.  HK 匪 'T'u  'fei,  local  banditti. 
'j^  'Kia,  false.  坐 ^  Tso'  .fang,  sit  in  judg- 

狗 K^uS  arrest.  ['糊 ".^ 資", - 

Jjtt  jj^  ,Pan  .fang,  messenger' ^  'Shen  shi',  fo  judge. 
監 牢 jKien  .lau,  prison.         ^ 事 ,Kung  stii',  ； public  duties. 
已經， I  ,king,  ahrady.  衙 門  .Ya  .men,  mandarins  office. 

今天 縣裏有 < ^事 ,kin  ,t'ieii  hien'  ，li.  'yeu  ,kung  shi', 

to-day  at  the  mrKjistrafe's  there  is  hii-siness. 

—縣 的事 都是知 縣誉的 yih  hien'  tih  shi'  ,tu  shi' 
,chi  iiien'  'kwan  tih,  all  the  affairs  of  a  district  are  directed  by 
the  city  magistrate. 

閼 鋪子的 人有罪 k'ai'  p'u'  'ts'i  till  .jen  'yeu  tsui',  a 

shop-keeper  is  gnilty  of  a  crime. 

简 留 好 多土醒 ,wo  .lieu  'bau  ,to  't'u  'fei,  sheltering  a  great 

7in»iber  of  thieves  of  the  coimtrij, 
官府打 發差殺 jkwan  ，fu  ，ta  fah  ,c'hai  yili,  the  mandarin 

Hcnt  )tiesse)igerti. 
拿 他來問 -na  ，t'a  .lai  wen',  bring  him  for  inquiry. 
已經出 了告示 ，i  ，king  c'huh  'liau  kau*  shi*,  having 

(Uiradii  'jiuhlishcd  a  proclamation. 

BA 出 5^ 鈴 姓看 t'ieh  c'huh  .lai  kei'  pcli  sing'  k'an',  it 

teas  ])(hst('(l  np  for  ilie  people  to  see. 

說不 可以翻 留土匪 shwoh  puh         ，i  ,wo  .Hou  ，t'u 

Icij  it  mid  iliat  thieve  a  must  not  be  skeltered. 


f  33  ] 


達殺枸 了他， e'haiynildi'，l  iau  ，t(a，  the  messengers  arrcHlvd him. 

衙 n 裏 拘 到 .ya  .men  ，Ii  kii*  tau、  they  acized  and  hrouyht 
li un  to  the  mayistrafc^s  office. 

'P^ 坐 堂 ,chi  hien*  tso*  .tang,  the  mandarin  sifs  in  judgment. 
的 時 'shen  shi《  till  .shi  hcu',  at  the  tune  of  judging. 

知道 有人串 通書殺 和拳殺 ,chi  tau'  'yeu  .jen 
jC'hwcn  ,t'ung  ,sliu  3  ih  .ho  ,c'hai  yih,  he  learned  that  persons 
had  sf-rref/i/  iii  fiaenccd  tlte  irriters  aiul  mcH^cngcrs.  [  false. 

牌 票 是 假 的 -P'ai  p'iau  sli'i'  'bia  till,  the  order  to  arrest  was 
^^吿 了 他 wan<?'  kau'  'liau  ,t'a,  he  had  been  falsel//  accused. 

官 府 審 事 完 了  jkwan  'fu  'shen  shi'  .wan  'liau,  the  man- 

(b(rln  lif(ri))g  reaped  his  inqninj. 
後 來 沒 有 事 heu'  .lai  muh  'yeu  shi',  aftencanh  nothing 
more  occurred. 

LESSON  3G.    BUYING  LAXD. 

地 主 Ti'  'chu,  owner  of  land. 相 近 ,Siang  kin',  near. 
步 弓         jkung,  measure  of  5 結 實 Kieh  sliih,  firm. 
恐 怕 'K'ung  p'a',  lent,    \_fcet. 一  ^  Yili  ，meu，  one  men. 
街 上 jKiai  shangS  on  the  street.'0\, 半 'Meu  pau',  mm  ^  a  half, 
鄉 裏 jlliang  'li,  in  the  country. ^C, 約 .Wen  yoh,  deed  of  mie. 
隣 舍 .Lin  she',  neiglihonvs.      中 人 , Chung  .jcn,  middleman. 
十 吊 Shih  tiau',  ten  strim/s.   名 兒 .Ming  .er,  name. 
大 錢 Ta'  .t'sien,  large  cash.    代 筆 Tai'  pih,  a  writer. 
舊 Kieu',  old.  打 聽 ，Ta  ,t'ing,  to  hiqnire. 

被 P'oS  hrokpn.  找 尋 'Chau  .siiin,  to  seek. 

我 要買地 'wo  yau'  ，mai  ti',  I  wish  to  buy  land. 
在 大 街 上 tsai'  ta'  jkiai  shangS  in  the  great  street. 
&替我 打 ，ni  t'i'  'wo  ，ta  ，t'ing，  inquire  for  me  nhout  it. 
★ 找 ft  了  一 • 瑰 Vo  'chau  .siiin  'liau  yih  k'wai',  I  have 
found  a  piece. 

在大 街南面 t"^ai'  ta*  ,kiai  .nan  mien',  on  the  south  side  of 
the  great  street. 

找 一 個忠 厚人 'chau  yih  ko'  ,cliuiig  licu'  .jen,  find  me- 
an ho)tod  nifiii.  [^writer. 
請他 做代華 't'sing  ,t'a  tso'  tai'  pih,  invite  him  to  be  the 


C  34  ] 

代 犖的人 寫文約  tai'  pih  till  .jen  'sie  .wen  yoh,  the 

writer  will  write  the  deed  of  sale. 

你 做中人 可以， ni  tso'  jchung  .jen  ，k《o  ，i,  you  can  he  the 

7))  if  Idle  man. 

雨下說 說明白  'Hang  hia'  shwoh  shwoh  .ming  peh,  speak 

clearly  on  —both  sides. 

買 地 的 主 人 mai*  ti'  tih  'chu  .jen,  the  proprietor  who  sells 
the  land.  ^not  ？ 

有錢^ 有錢  'yeu  .t'sien  muh  ，yeu  .t'sien,  has  he  money  or 

有 舊 房 子 'yeu  kieu'  .fang  'tsi,  there  is  an  old  house. 

還 在 地 上 .liwan  tsai'  ti'  shang',  still  on  the  ground. 

适铜 總要拆 了  clie'  ko'  'tsung  yau'  t'sch  (.c'liai)  'liau, 

this  nnid  be  ptUkd  down.  [land 

地有四 fix 半  ti*  'yeu  si'  ，meu  pan',  there  are  4|  mow  of 

-— 十 雨 銀 子 ~" ' 献 er*  shili  'liang  .yin  'ts'i  yih  ，meu, 

ticcnty  tads  a  mow. 

還有 一塊地 在鄕裏  .hwan  'yeu  yih  k'wai^  ti《 tsai^ 

jhiang  ，li，  there  is  a  piece  of  land  in  the  country, 

瞵 舍人 家好的  .lin  sbo*  .jon  ，kia  ，！ lau  tih,  the  neighbours 
are  good. 

十 吊 大 sh'ih  tiau'  ta(  .t'sien,  ten  strings  of  large  cash. 

把 步 弓 量 量 看 'pa  pii'  jkung  .liang  .Hang  k'an,  measure 
it  H-ith  the  rod. 

― ^ 四 十 弓 "一 " ^  er(  peh  s'i'  sliih  ,kung  yih  ,meu,  240 

pn.  make  a  mow.  [called  a  kung. 

一 步也叫 一弓  yih  pu'  'yo  kiau*  yih  ,kung,  a  pu  is  also 
五 尺 — 步 Vu  c'hih  yih  pu(，  fire  feet  make  one  pu. 

M  M  >rl、      怕不穀 che'  'mo  'siau  'k'ung  p'a'  puh  keu', 

this  is  small,  and  J  fear  it  will  not  he  enough. 

LESSON  37.  TIGERS. 

老虎  'Lau  'hu,  tiger.  不 埋 Puh  ，li，  not  to  care  for. 

3 午 'II ii,  to  promise.  處 Hai(  c'lrn',  injunes. 

賞 'Shang,  reward.         [thers.W^  .Hien,  to  take  in  the  mouth. 
虎豹' 

Hu  pau',  tiqers  and pan-j^\       ,T*eu  t'sieh,  to  steal. 
擺！^  'Pai  sheh,  arrange.       凶  .Hiung,  violent.  [^garden. 
陷坑 

Hien'  ,k'cng,  a  j^iffa.II.   荣園    T'sai'  .yucn,  regeiahle 


[ 35  ] 

地弩  Ti' ，nu，  a  spring  boic.    野獸 'Ye  sheii',  7cild  animals. 

檎 .K'iii,  to  catch.  竹 林  Cliuli  .liii,  bamboo  grove. 

引 誘 'Yin  'yeu,  to  tempt.       後 面 Heu'  mien',  hcJnnd. 

鎮 安 老 虎 多 jChcn  ,Tigan  ，lau  'hu  ，to，  at  the  city  of 
Chenngan  tigers  are  mimerous. 

害 城 裹 百 姓 liai'  .c'heng  ，li  peh  sing',  they  injure  the 
people  in  the  city. 

有 人 能 殺 老 虎 'ycu  .jon  .neng  shall  ，laii  'liu,  there  are 
2)ersom  who  can  kill  tigers. 

我許了 他們 'wo  ，hii  'liau  ，t'a  .men,  I  premised  them 

殺 一虎賞 五十千 shah  yih  'hu  'shang  ，  wu  sliih  ,t'sien, 

if  thcij  killed  a  tiger  they  should  receive  Jifty  thousand  cash 
as  a  reicard. 

任 的 人 擺 clni'  till  .jen  'pai  shell,  the  inhahitants  placed 

陷 坑 和 地 ^  hieii'  ,k'eng  .ho  ti'  ，！ m，  pitfalls  and  under- 
ground spring  hows. 

不 能 擒 他 們  pull  .neng  .k'iu  ，t'a  .men,  they  could  not 
catch  tJtein. 

用 山 羊 引 誘 勉 yung'  ,shan  .yang  'yin  'yen  ,t'a,  they  used 
goats  to  entice  them. 

虎 不 理 'lau  'hu  puh  ，li，  the  tigers  took  no  notice. 

房 屋後面 有荣園 -fang  uh  hen'  mien'  'yeu  t'sai'  .yuen, 

holilnd  tlie  homes  are  v<>(jefahle  gardens. 

夜 裏有人 走到園 中 ye'  'li  'yeu  .jen  'tseu  tau'  .yuen 
,chung,  if  fit  nUjlit  a  man  icalks  into  the  garden. 

老 色經 P 卸 了他去 ，lau  'hu  'i  ，ldng  .hien  'liau  ,t'a 

k'ii,  a  tiyiT  //as  a  brad  1/  taken  him  away  in  his  vwufh. 

夜裏沒 ,有 偷 竊 東西的 ye'  'H  muh  'yeu  t'eu  t'sieh. 

,tuTig  ,si  till,  (it  vigil t  there  is  no  one  to  steal. 
怕老虎 不敢來 'lau  'hu  puh.  'kan  .lai，  fearing  tigers 

they  dare  not  come. 

LESSON"  38.  ELEPHANTS. 

野 象 'Ye  siang',  icild  elephant.'^  $| 义 Fang'  p'au',  five  guns, 
白 象 Pell  siaug',  u'JiUc  do.      餓 "Wo',  hunrjnj;  to  starve. 
法 Fall  ，tsi，  method.  翻 頭 'Tien  .t'eii,  to  nod  the 

供 殺 KuTig'  yih,  service.  head. 


C  3G  ] 

Kiueh,  to  dig,  斜 .Sic,  incVnml;  crooked. 

鋪 席 ,P'u  dh,  spread  mats.  撒 C'heli,  to  push  away. 

蓋 好 Kai'  ，！ iau，  cover  over.  終 身 , Chung  ,shen,  whole  life. 

打羅 'Ta  Jo,  beat  yougs.  歉 .T'o,  carr;/  on  hack. 

起 'Kan,  drive.  服 事 Fuh  shi',  to  serve. 

打 鼓 'Ta  'ku,  heat  drums.  錢 Wei',  to  feed. 

西南有 野象， si  .nun  'yeu  'ye  siaiig',  in  the  south  iirst  there 
are  wild  clcpluints. 

本地人 用法子  'pen  ti(  .jen  yung'  fah  ，ts)'，  the  natives 

use  methods, 

誘他們 做供殺  'yeu  ，t'a  .men  tso'  kiiiig'  yih,  to  tempt 

them  to  become.  >ieiTiccahle. 

掘， 地 坑鋪席 子蓋好 kiueh  ti'  ,k'eiig  ,p'u  sih  'tsi  kai' 

，hau，  they  dig  u  pit  und  cover  it  well  with  mats, 

再加泥 土在上  tsai'  ，kia  .ni  ，f/u  tsai'  sliang',  they  also 
pl'fce  ('mill  upo)i  the  m(ds, 

好像平 地似的  ，！ lau  siaiig"  .p'ing  ti《 si'  tih,  so  that  it  is 

lili'i'  the  level  (p'ound ; 

好幾 百個人  'hau  ，ld  peh  ko*  .jen,  severed  Imndrecl  mm. 

^  ^ 打 鼓 放 1^  ，ta  .lo  ，ta  ，ku  fang*  p'liu',  heat  gongs  and 
dnims,  and  iirr  (/to^s. 

起象 走過陷 他下去 

c'hii'，  f/if'f/  drice  the  elephant  pad  and  cause  him  to  fall  in. 

身 體 重 坑 深 ，shen  ，t'i  cliuug'  ,k  'eng  ,slien,  he  is  heat'y  in 
/""///，  and  fkc  pit  is  deep, 

不 能出來 

pull  .neng  c'huh  .lai,  he  cannot  come  out. 

就 餓 他 幾 天 tsiou'  wo*  ，t'a  'ki  ,t'ien,  they  thcu  hcep  him 
iriUiout  food  for  ^several  days. 

來 問 他 liPu'  .lai  wen'  ,t'a,  nffcnmnlH  they  auk  him, 

做 供 肯 不 肯 tso'  kimg'  yih  'k'cug  puli  'k'eng,  if  he  is 

vtlliiuj  or  I) of  to  do  scrn'ce. 

象 就 豁 H§  siang'  tsieu'  'ticn  .t'cii,  the  clepliani  nods  Jm  head. 

地 i^il [面前 徹去土  ti'  ,k'eng  mien'  .t'sien  c'beh  c'hii'  't'u, 

ijt  froitt  of  ilie  pit  tlioij  remove,  the  earth, 

開 ~ ' 條 斜 路 ，k'ai  yih.  .t'iau  .sie  lu',  open  an  inclined pathy 

給 象 好 ^ 上 kill  yiaiig'  'liau  'tscu  shang',  so  that  the 
elvphant  can  tea  Ik  out. 


[ 37  ] 

一勲了 頭  vih  'ticn  'liau  .t'eu,  if  he  once  nods  hix  head 

終身要 服事人  jcliung  jshcn  yau'  fuh  slii'  .jen,  he  will 
scrre  man  nil  his  life 

^  ^       ^  ch'i'  'si  puh  pion',  till  death  never  changinq. 

性情 最信實 

sing'  .t'sing  tsui'  sin'  shih,  his  disposition  is 

ven/  faithful. 

一個 象能馱  vih  ko'  siang'  .ueng  .t'o,  one  ekphdnt  can  carry 
千斤 礮一位  jt'sien  ,king  p'au'  yih  wei',  a  cannon  weighing 


不 翻 頭 siang'  pull  'ticn  .t'cu,  if  the  elephant  does  not  nod 
his  liead 

不教 他出來 

pull  kiau'  ,t'a  c'huli  ,lai,  they  do  not  let  him 

come  oat. 

兩 ― 回 問 他 'Hang  ,saii  .hwei  wen'  ，t(a，  they  ask  him  two 
or  three  timcx. 

死 也 有 的 wo'  's'l  'ye  'yeu  tih,  some  are  starved  io  death. 

不 ^        'tsung  pull  ，tien  .t'eu,  any  how  they  u-ill  not  nod 
tJicir  heads. 

LESS0:N"  39.    SILVER  MT^^ES. 

載 來 Tsai'  .lai,  to  bring.         內 地 Nui(  ti',  China  proper. 

銀 .Yiu     'kung,    ."/m'-orf 漢 朝 Han*  .c'hau,   JIan  dy- 
iiiiiie.  udsti/. 

4^       ,Sheu  shui',  receive       特 意 T'eh  i(，  purposely. 
禾' j  Mi  Li'  sili，  p)'oJit.       [tonis.-^  丁  ,Ping  ,ting,  soldiers. 
邊 外 ,Pieii    wai',  heijond      交 鋒 ,Kiau  ,f ung,  join  battle. 
散 Siiri',  to  disperse.       Ihorder.^^^  'C'hien,  to  send. 
^  口  jKwaii     'k'eii,     horde ^  'Mien  tien',  Binnah. 

c'"tom  house.  安 |^,Xgan  .nan,  Cochin-china. 

Jt 山 ShangSslian,  go  up  a  hill^ 于 'Chang  ,ting,  depot  aer- 
廠 'C'liang,  large  yard  or  depot.     rants  or  miners. 

十 ，Ki  shih,  several  tern.      早 己  'Tsau  ，i，  long  since. 

中國出 銀子呢 , Chung  kwoh  c'buli  .yin  ，ts'i  .ni,  does 
China  produce  "[n'、、  ？  \_ltad  f^ilver. 

本 來 有 銀子的 'pen  .lai  'veil  .yin  'ts'i  tih,  originnlJi/  it 

如 今內地 沒有的 .ju  ，kin  nui^  ti'  mull  'yen  tih,  now 

there  in  none  in  this  country. 


[ 38  ] 

有銀礦 的地方  ,yeu  .yin  'kung  tih  ti^  .fang,  places  that 
have  si  leer, 

早己都 取盡了  ，tsaii  ，i  ，tu  ，！ /sii  tsiu^  ，liau<  it  has  long 

since  been  taken  all  away. 

鏑匈載 來有的 

'Mieu  tieu'  tsai'  .lai  'yen  tih,  some  is 
broiiqht  —from  Binnah. 

安南銀 子也有  jNgan  .nan  .yin  'tsi  ，ye  'yeu,  in  Cochin- 
chin  a  ill  ore  is  also  silver. 

漢朝 的時候 Han'  .c^hau  till  .shi  lieuS  in  the  time  of  the 

Han  dt/}iadfj. 

安南 也在中 國裏面  jNgan  .nan  'ye  tsai* , Chung  kwoh 
，li  mien*,  Cochi)i-china  also  was  a  part  of  China. 

1 有大 山廠 'Mien  tien'  'yeu  ，Ta  ,sliaii  Vhaug,  in 

Binnnh  there  in  the  Ta-shan  silver-mine. 

在 雲南邊 外 tsai'  .Yun  .nan  ,pien  outside  the  border 

of  Yii)i 倫》 lan, 

安 南 有 宋 星 廠 .Ngun  .nan  'yen  Sung^  ,sing  Vliang,  in 

CocJiin-cldna  is  the  Sung  sing  silver-mine • 

®  ^ 夕!^  tsai'  'Kwang  ，si  ,pien  wai^  beyond  the  border 

of  JfuYDU/si 

從 If 本. ^！與縮 句打仗 .t^sung  .t^sien  ，pen  kwoh  ，ii 
^Mieu  ，tien  ，ta  cliang',  formerly  our  country  went  to  war  with 
Birmah. 

雨 面 兵 馬 交 鋒 'liang  mien'  ,ping  ，ma  ,kiau  ,fuDg,  the 

two  armies  of  soldiers  and  horses  met  in  battle. 

廠 丁 已 經 散 了  ，c(liang  jting  ，i  ,king  san'  ，liau，  the  miners 

ivere  all  m/^Ymy/. 

沒 有 人 去 要 銀 子 mull  ，yeu  .jen  c'hii'  yau'  .yin  'tsi,  no 

one  went  to  seek  silver. 

後來設 立官 府收祝 heu^  .lai  sbeh  Uli  ,kwan  ，fii  ,slieu 

shui^,  aftcrwarch  ihey  appointed  officers  io  col  led  duties. 

特意誉 适個事 t'eh  ，lcwan  che*  ko<  shi',  thcAj  attend 
special  I;/  to  tJiiR  matter, 

上 ijj^ 採礦裏 的銀子 sliang^  ,shan  c'hii'  ，t'sai  'kung 
，li  till  .yin  ，ts'i，  they  -went  n}>  tlie  kill  io  seek  for  it  in 
fhe  mines. 

必定 先要過 il  口完稅 ting'  ,sicn  yau'  kwo' 
,kwan  'k'eu  .wan  slmi',  tJicy  most  frst  pcm  the  cudomJiouse 
and  pay  ike  dulij. 


[ 39  ] 


LESSON  40.  WATER. 

吃慣 C'l"'likwanV"〃",<^"<^""〃.'/. 惟 有 .AVei  ，yeu,  onl'j. 

差 惯 C'hai  kwan',  send  ！ "(- 長- .C'hang  'kieu,  long  time. 

老 夫 'Lau  ，fu,  I.     [(W'w〃y/. 雨 樣 'Liang  yaug',  different. 

宿 Suli  (sicu'),  to  pass  the  "/]/// f. 朋 友 .P'eng  yeu',  friends. 

洗 臉 'Si  'lien,  wash  the  face. 燒 灌  ,Kiau  kwau',  to  n-atc)\ 

盂 .tj，  small  bowl.  乾 粘 ,Kan  ，k'u，  ivitltereiL 

澄 淸 .C'liengjt'sing,  to  (？ 鎌 ,Kien,  soda. 

顔 色 .Yen  seh  ('shai),  colour. ^  ,Kien  c'hi',  mla  vnpoun 

氣 味 C'hi'  wei',  taste.  土 氣 'T'u  c'hi',  exhalations. 

大 概 Ta'  kai',  the  mmt  part,  g 西 Sliai',  to  dry  in  the  sun. 

無 價之寶 

,wu  kia'  jClii  ，pau，  (tn  iiicstimnhle  trcnaure. 

五 穀百第 'wu  kuh  peh  'kwo,  the  five  kinds  of  ffrain  and  the 
liundrcd  fi'uits. 

廿 麋地方 少寶 在無價 ：2 寶 ，Kan  suh  ti' 
,t'ang  'shiii  fcsui'  'shau,  sliih  tsiii'  .wu  kia'  ,cli'i  'pan,  water  in 
Kan-snl}  is  imj  scarcp  and  is  indeed  of  priceless  value. 

老夫 差惯一 個用人 到蘭州  'lau  ,fu  ,c'Lai  ,kwun 
yih  ko'  yung'  .jeu  tau'  .Lau  ,cheu,  1  used  to  send  a  messenger 
rcgularhj  to  Lan-chou. 

夜裏宿 在夸店 ye'  ，li  suh  tsai'  k'eh  tien'，  in  the  night  he 
slept  at  a  lodging  home. 

有 ~^ ■ 孟水送 寧洗臉 'you  yih  .ii  'shiii  sung'  k'eh  'si 
'lien,  a  small  bcaiii  of  wider  ivas  given  to  the  lodgers  to  wash 
their  faces. 

t  1^，^  ^  了  7jt  'si  'hau  ，hau  'Hen  puh 

，k'o  ，i  ,tieu  'liau  'sliui,  a  fter  wanli  ing  their  faces  the  water  must 
not  he  throw"  ou-aij. 

店 率把; ^澄. 清 了 再用 tieti'  ，kia  'pa  ，slmi  .c(heng 
,t'sing  'liau  tsai'  yung',  the  landlord  cleansed  the  tcater  to  he 
used  again. 

水 ^ife 流的就 叫死水 ，sliui  puh  ,t'ung  .lieu  tih  tsieu' 

kiau'  'si  'sUui,  water  that  does  not  flow  is  called  dead  tcater. 

時 候舞： A 齒色 要'， 'shi  lieu'  .c'hang  'kieu  .yen  sell 

yau'  pien',  aj'tcr  a  long  tiiiir  the  colour  changes. 

氣 味"^ 不好不 碑以峰 c'hi'  wei'  'ye  puli  'hau  puh 
'k'o  ，丄 hob,  it  smells  bad  and  is  not  good  io  drinl;. 


[ 40  ] 


大 概地方 這樣的  ta<  kai^  ti《 .fang  clie'  yaiig^  tih,  in 

most  J)  I  aces  it  is  so. 

惟有廿 麋不是 這様的  .wei  \veu  ,Kan  suh  puh  slii' 

clio'  v:ing'  till,  anh!  in  Kun-xuli  if  is  different. 

已經倉 ，外 水得了  土氣就 « 好喝得 ，i  ,king 
.c'liaiig  'kieii  'slmi  teh  'liau  't'u  c'hi'  t.sieu'  ,t'sing  'hau  hoh 
tell,  after  a  long  time  the  water,  throngh  the  iajiuence  of  the  soil 
becomes  clear  and  tmu/  he  drunk. 

我有朋 友在寧 夏傚官  'wo  'yeu  .p'eng  yeu'  tsai* 
.iS'ing-hia'  tso'  ，kwan，  I  have  a  friend  icho  was  a  magisfyate  at 
Ning-hia. 

他 告 新 我 ，t'a  kau'  su'  'wo,  he  informed  me. 

"ff 纛 4、 處虞 熊下. 雨饞好 ，E:an  sul— 1  'shong  c'hu' 
c'liu'  .iieng  Ilia'  ，ii  .t'sai  'hau,  everywhere  in  Kan-suh  province 

if  rainfall  it  is  well. 

就 是寧阜 雨禄的 tsieu'  shi'  .Ning  hia*  'liang  yang'  tih, 
cm  Id  (it  Ning- hid  it  is  different. 

不 下 雨 pull  tan^  puh  yau^  liia^  ，！ i,  not  only  do  they 
not  desire  it  io  rain 

而 且 怕 要 下 雨 -er  H'sie  p'a^  yau'  hia^  ，ii，  they  even  fear 
that  it  should  rahi  ； 

因爲 這個地 多鎌氣 ，yin  .wei  che'  ko'  ti《 ,to  ,kien 
c*hiS  because  here  tJicre  is  much  soda  in  the  soil. 

雨太 多. 日. 頭曬了 就賓鎌 氣上升 ，ii  t'ai'  ,to  jih 

•t'eu  shai'  'liau  tsiou'  ，yeu  ，kien  c'hi'  shaiig'  ,shcng,  if  there  is 
much  rain,  then  when  the  sun  shines  the  vapour  of  the  soda  ascends. 

相近 看着像 雪一  « 花草都 要乾枯 ，siangkinS 
k'au'  choh  ,siang  siueh  yili  yang'  ,bwa  't'sau  ,tu  yau'  ,kan 
，k'u，  seen  near  it  looks  like  snow,  and  the  flowers  and  grass 
wither. 

所以 一年不 下雨 也不在 、上 'so  ，i  yih  .nien  puh. 

hia'  ，ii  'ye  puli  tsai'  ，sin  shaug',  therefore  if  for  a  year  it  does 

not  rain,  it  mafters  little. 
寧 W 稻 0 米 最 多 -Ning  hia'  tau'  .t'ien  'mi  tsiii'  ，to, 

at  2\i)ig-lt(ii  rice  is  grown  in  the  fields  in  great  quantity. 

單 靠黄河 本湊灌 ,taii  k'au'  .Ilwung  .ho  ，shui  ,kiau 

kwun',  it  relic-i  on  the  Yellow  river  alone  for  mdering. 

水濘' i)^ 淤在 地地就 肥的狠 ，shui  ,}iwun  .ni  ，yd 
t、ai'  ti'  ti'  tsic'u'  .fei  tih  'licu,  the  water  is  muddy  and  the  mud 
aluys  on  the  land  which  is  then  very  fertile. 


[ 41  ] 


水， 到 了 的地 五穀百 菓都是 發旺的 ，？ Imi  tau' 

'liau  till  ti'  'wii  kuli  peli  ，k\vo  ,tu  shi'  tab  wang'  tih,  in  the 
parfs  reached  hi/  the  water,  the  grain  and  fruits  are  abundant. 

不必? ^冀 在上 pull  pill  ,kiau  feu'  tsai'  shang',  it  does 

not  need  to  be  imwi(n>(!. 

田 裹的. 水稍 微淸一 黠就放 他回去 .t';en  、 
till  'shui  ,sliau  .woi  ,t'sin^  yili  'tieu  t.sieu  fang'  ，t'a  .bwei 
c'liii,  niien  the  water  in  the  Jidch  has  become  clearer  it  is  allowed 
to  return. 

LESSON  il.    COALS  AT  PEKIXG. 

^  ^  Kien', tu,establish acapifal.^,  §^  Tsau'  .t'eu,  cooking  range. 
城 Cheng  .c'hi,  wall S^'  mo(d.>Y'l\  ,C'liui,  to  hum. 
朝 廷 .C'hau  .t'ing,  the         煮 'Chu,  to  boil.  {pieces, 
水 路 'Shui  lu'，  canals  8f  Wm's. 敲 碎 ,C'hiau   sui*,    break  in 
旱 路 Han'  lu(，  roads.  印 Jlwei  yin',  chalk  ma)'k. 

柴 薪 .C'liai  ,sin,  wood  for  fuel  文 Pun'  .wen,  half  a  cash. 
一 項 Yih  hiang^  one  kind  of.%\ 直 Ki(  clmiig',  the  amount. 

Puh  tsuh,  not  enough.    分 兩 Fen'  'liung,  weight 
有 餘 ，Yeu  .li,  supcnihiindance.^^ 足， Pu  tsub,  make  up  a  deficit, 

中 國建都 ffi 北京 一. 千 多 年以. 前. ，Chung  kwoh 

kieu'  ,tu  tsai'  iVh  ,king  yih  ，t(sien  ，to  .iiien  ，i  ，t'sien，  China 
had  its  capital  at  Peking  more  than  a  thousand  years  ago. 
頭一次 在寧朝 的時候 .t'eu   yih   t's'i'   tsai'  Xiau 
.c'hau  tih  .sli'i  htui',  fU'd  in  the  time  of  the  Li  a  a  dynasty 

京都 的城池 宫殿 朝廷廟 f 花苑鄉 ft 完' 牵 

jking  ,tu  till  .c'lieng  .c'lii  ,kui)g  tieu'  .c'hau  .t'ing  mum'  ii 

，！ iwa  .yuen  ,tu  slii*  .wan  .t'siuen,  in  the  capital,  the  icalls  and 

moat,  halls,  palace,  temples  and  gardens  are  all  complete. 
水路旱 路歴代 下來有 '了  'shui  la'  haa'  In'  lib  tai' 

liai'  ,lai  'yen  'liau,  there  hace  been  canals  and  roads  through 

succeHHive  general  ions  till  noic. 
也有如 天 生的好 處， ye  'yeu  .ju  .t'ung  ,t'ien  .shong 

till  'hau  c'hli',  there  are  also  natural  advantages  seemuig  like 

the  gift  o  f  heacen. 

柴薪一 項東西 ，pi  ，fang  .c'hai  ,sin  ylli  Hang' 

jtuDg  ，si，  for  exa})ij)le,  there  u  for  one  thing  a  supply  of  wood 

for  fuel. 


[ 42  1 

西山 的出産 有好煤  ,si  jslian  till  c'huh  'c'lian  ，yeu 
'liau  .mei,  among  tho  prodndiom  of  the  western  mountains  there 
is  good  coal. 

好 ft 燒火 的供用 ，1舰 tso(  jshau  'liwo  tih  kung'  yung*, 

it  is  sercircable  for  burniiu/, 

老的 IS  ^       下^  fu'  'lau  till  liwa'  ,slang  .c'hwen 
Ilia'  .lai,  in  the  irords  of  old  men  coming  doicn  by  tradition. 
燒 不盡的 西山煤 ,shau  puh  tsin'  tih  ,si  .shan  .mei, 

the  coal  of  the  m'sfe'rn  mountains  cannot  be  burned  out, 

只是 京裏的 人一天 多一天 chih  shi'  ,king  ，li  tih 
.jeu  yih  ，t'ien  ,to  yih  ，t(ien，  hut  the  inhabitants  of  the  capital 
fp*ow  ddih/  more  numerous. 

竈' 頭上' 炽煑用 的 火一天 多一天 tsau'  .t'eu 
sliang'  jC'hui  'chu  yung'  tih  'hwo  yih  ,t'ien  ,to  yih  ,t'ien,  the 

hioiiing  and  cooking  in  the  hilchem  increase  daihj. 
煤 價 "~ ■ 日 貴 ~ '  B   .mei  kia'  yih  j'ih  kwei'  yih.  j'ih,  the 
price  of  coal  is  daih/  higher. 

煤 5  # ；了， 瑰上打 一贝 印賣錢 三文計 ® 

二 斤 十 二 兩 .mei  ,c*liiau  sui'  "liau  'mei  kVai'  shang^ 
ta<  yih  ,hwei  yiii^  mai*  .t^sien  ，san  .wen  Id'  chung*  er《 ,kin 
shih  or*  'liang,  t/ie  coal  was  broken  in  pieces,  on  each  piece 
a  chalk  mark  was  made;  it  teas  sold  for  three  cash,  and  weighed 
iu'O  cat  lies  and  twelre  ounrps. 

現在價 錢一檨 一塊的 分兩 不過一 斤多一 

照 hien'  tsai《  Ida'  .t《sien  yiii  yang^  yih  k'wai'  tih  fen'  'Hang 
puh  kwo*  yih  ，kin  ，to  yih  tien,  at  jj resent  the  price  is  the  same, 
but  the  weight  of  one  piece  is  not  much  more  than  a  catty, 

S 隸 省 S  li 縣 有煤廠 Chih  K'  'slicng  Hwoh  luh 
liicu*  ，yeu  .mei  'c'liang,  in  the  province  of  C】i:ih-le,  there  are 
coal  depots  at  the  district  of  Htroh-Iuh. 

離 _M 不過 A> 百 里 'li  ，ki"g  puh  Ivwo'  lull  pch  it  is 
(UHtnnt  foni  the  capital  only  two  Inmdred  miles. 

西 山不足 穫鹿的 有餘可 以補足 ，si  ,shan  puh 
tsuli  llwoh  lull  till  'yen  .11  ，k《o  ，i  'pu  tsuli,  the  western 
mountainH  if  deficient  can  he  supplemented  from  the  additional 
mi) ply  at  Ilwoh-lah, 


[ 43  ] 


LESSON  42.    JUNK  NAVIGATION. 

停不 《导 .T'ing  pull  tell,  you  mud  not  stop. 
^ 不 'Tseu  pub.  kwo',  you  cannot  pass. 
新 開 河 ,Sin  ,k'ai  .Lo,  neicly  opened  canal. 
兩 股 河 'Liang  ku'  ho,  two  river  brandies. 

口 子 'Lau  'k'eu  'tsi,  old  mouth  river. 
^       5lv  Pi'  ，k'ai'  .lai,  to  ■pans  hi/  and  avoid. 
i$,  S¥        Fuh  'pau  sha,  name  of  a  mnd  bank. 
木 雜 Mull  .mau,  wooden  anchor.^ 鍋 T'ieh  .man,  iron  anchor. 
方 Si  ,Fang    p'an,  mariner's 稍 爲 'Shau  .wei,  a  little. 


海船 從上海 黄浦口 岸開去  'hai  .c'hwen  .t'sung 
Shiiiig'  .Hwang  pV  'k'eu  ng;m'  ,k'ai  c'hii*,  a  sea  jiuik 
seh  mil  fruta  the  Ivwkfs  of  the  Ilicang-pu  at  Shanghai. 

向東行 五十里 出吳沖 &口； \ 洋 hiang'  ,tung  .liing 
，、vu  slii'li  'li  c'huh  .Wu  ,suiig  'k'eu  .juh  .yang,  yoiruj  eastward 
if  travels  for  fifty  li  paHHuiq  out  of  tlie  IVii-siDu/  river  mouth. 

壞繞復 •  、走 m 崇明' 的 新開河 .h、van  ，jau  fuh 
'pan  ,.slia  'tseu  tau'  .T'sung  .ming  tih  ,Siii  ,k'ai  .ho,  v hiding 
round  the  Fiih-pnn  h(uik,  it  sails  to  Sui-k'ai-ho  in  T'sung-ming. 

共 g 十 一 百 ~ ■  里 Icung*  Id'  yih  peh  yih  shih  'li,  it 
nitinbers  in  all  one  hundred  and  ten  li. 

叉七十 里到十 i 效就 是內洋  yeu^  t/sili  sLili  ，H  tau* 

Sliili  hiau'  tsieu'  slii*  iiui*  .yang,  there  are  scvcnfy  more  li  to 
Sliih'Iiiau,  whk'h  is  in  the  inner  ocean. 

遑裏可 以停船 

die'  ，li  ，k《o  ，i  .t'ing  .c'hwen,  here  you  can 

stop  fJie  /?〃〃'•. 

此地 也好等 候順風 放洋， t's'i  iv  'ye  'hau  'teng  heu' 
shun'  jteiig  fang'  .yaug,  licrc  also  you  will  do  well  to  wait  f 01、  a 
fair  wind  to  go  to  s''a . 

叉向 東走至 舍山 yen'  hiang'  ,tung  'tseu  tau'  She*  ,shaD, 

agaiji  (joiii'j  ea^ttnird  i/on  proeced  to  She-Hhan  island. 

這山 4： 沒有. 百姓 ft 的 che'  ,slian  sLang'  inuh  'yen 
poll  sing'  chu'  till,  on  tJii.s  inland  there  arc  no  ptt'nom  re  aiding. 

船停 不得不 能下雜 

.c^hweii  .t/ing  puli  teh  puli  .neng 
hia^  .mau,  the  cannot  dop  here^  it  is  impossible  to  cast 

anchor.  - 


[ 44  ] 


這兒向 東出大 、？^ 往北稍 爲, 偏 東 Che'  .cr  hia.g' 
jtuiig  c'liuh  ta'  .yang  'vvaiig  pei  Q'eli)  'shun  .wei  ,p'ien  ,tung, 
from  this  spot  going  eadicard  vessels  go  out  to  sea  and  proceed 
north  and  a  little  to  tho  eafifirnrd. 

到黄 河老口 子稍爲 向南弯 五條沙 i5  tau' 

.Hwang  .ho  ，】au  ，k(eu  'tsi  ，sliau  .wei  hiang'  .nan  ，yeu  Vu 
•t(iau  ,sha  'keng,  a  little  to  the  south  of  the  old  mouth  of  the 
Yellow  rirer  there  are  firr  mnr]  hfmks. 

遇 着專風 網要^ 慮淺搠 ii'  choh  ，tung  ,feng  'tsnng 

yau*  jsiang-  lii'  't'.sien  koli,  shou/d  ！/ on  meet  with  an  ead  windy 
you  must  he  looking  out  agaimt  si  Kill  own  and  grounding, 

該常 避開來 ,kai  ,tans  pi'  ，k'ai  .lai,  you  should  avoid  them. 

紘歸江 南地界 't'ung  ,kwei  ,kiang  .nan  ti'  kiai',  it  all 

bclong>i  to  the  tc>'n!onj  of  Kiang^nan. 

用 方盤定 見方向 yung'  ,fang  .p'an  ting'  kien'  ,fang 
hiang',  use  the  compass  to  fix  your  course. 

換方 向 東 ~ "個字 h 、譲' jfang  hiang'  ,p'lcu  ,tung 
yih  ko'  tsi'，  change  your  course  and  go  one  point  more  to  the 
eadivard. 

斕'^ 用 木錨， 泥兩鐡 錨 .Ian  .ni  yrnig'  muh  .mau, 
yiiig'  .ni  yuiig'  t'ieh  .mau,  with  a  soft  bottom  use  the  icooden 
anchor,  and  with  a  hard  bottom  the  iron  one. 

LESSON  43.  FURS. 

蓮 來 的 Yiin'  .lai  til],  imported. 

北 P 夕卜 Pcli  ，k'  eu  wai',  beyond  the  north  houndary. 

豸 g  ,TIan,  sable.  狐 狸 .ITu  .1;,  fox. 

裏 子 'Li  'tsi,  lining.  面 子 Mieu'  ，ts.i，  a  facing. 

趁 C'licn,^;',  tal-c  advantage  of.    ^ 毛 Tiau'  .mau,  let  fall  hair. 

不 大不小 Puh  ta'  puh  ，  siau,  neither  great  nor  little,  average. 

灰 j;^  ,11  wei  'ahu,  grey  squirrel. .Lang,  ？ ro//. 

潮 .C'hau,  damp  ；  tide.  轉 -Tub,  rug. 

ijti  "K'aii?;',  hricl;  roneJi.  Liang,  to  air. 

貊庆 從那裹 蓮來的 ，ti:m  .p'i  .t'siing  ，na  ，U  yiiu'  .lai 
till,  xche.nco  are  sables  imported  ? 

;f 匕 口 夕卜簿 古地 方舉的 pell  'k'eu  wai'  .Mcng  ，ku  ti( 
,fang  .lai  till,  they  como  from  heijond  the  northern  barrier,  from 
the  land  of  the  Mongols. 


[ 45  ] 


這個袍 于是狐 n 素皮 做的 cW  k。'  .p'au  ，tsi  Shi' 

•liu  8U*  .p'i  tso'  till,  this  long  coat  is  made  of  the  fur  from  foxea^ 
necks. 

八十個 灰鼠皮 做的 pah  shih  ko'  ,hwei  'shu 
till,  mu((e  of  eight  1/  squirrels  skins. 

皮裏的 $化 5^  一雙 'P'i  'li  till  ,luuo  .t^eii  yih  ,shwang,  a 

pffir  of  skni  [irii'd  half  boots. 

狼皮 好做^ 掛 

•hmg  .p'i  'hau  tso'  'ma  kwa',  wolf  d' in  can 

be  made  i)ito  Jacket-^, 

價 錢頊 貴的是 皮 cilia'  "sien  ，ting  kwei^  till  sli? 
,tiau  .p*i,  f//r  highpnt  in  price  is  sable. 

紹， 床 套 子價錢 不大不 小四十 ,tiau  .p'i  tw 

tsi  cilia'  .t'sieii  puli  ta'  pull  ，siau  s'i'  shih  'liang,  a  sable  coat 
coda  forty  fads  more  or  less. 

這 個皮好 不吊毛 che'  ko'  .p'i  'hau  puh  tiau'  .mau,  this 

fur  is  (jood,  the  hdir  irill  not  fall  ojf. 

做' 過.^^ 裳 的 皮 不 買 tso'  kwo'  ,{  .shang  till  .p'i  puh. 

，mai，  skiiis  that  liave  hecn  made  into  clothes  I  do  not  buy. 

下 雨天皮 衣服. 受潮 要弔毛 hia;  ，ii  ,t'ien  .p'i  ,i  full 

sheu'  .c'hau  yau*  tiau'  .iiiau,  in  time  of  rain  fur  clothes  become 
damp  and  the  liair  ？ /•/〃  fall  off, 

趁這 好天氣 將 衣导 晾 隙 收了  e'heng'  chC 
'hau  jt'ien  c'hi'  ,tsiang  .p'i  ，i  fuh  liang'  liang'  ,sheu  'liau, 
taking  advantage  of  this  good  weather  give  your  fur  clothes  an 
airing  and  put  them  an-ai/. 

坑上 鋪着 羊皮轉 k'ang'  shang'  ,p'u  choli  .yang  .p'i  juli, 

xipon  the  brick  couch  ivaa  spread  a  goat-skin  rug. 

地 下 生 着炭火 爐 ti'  hia'  ,sheng  choh  fan*  'hwo  lu', 
beloiv  he  had  ligJitcd  a  diarcoal  fire. 

LESSON"  44.    IMPORTED  FOREIGN  MANUFACTURES. 

羽 毛 'tl  .man,  camlets.  j* 文 .Sie  .wen，  striped. 

I# 機 Pill  'clii,  hug  elh.         本 色 Ten  sell,  unbleached. 
花洋布 ，II、va  •yang  pu(，  chintz  ；  printed  cottons. 
本 色洋布  'Pen  sell  .yang  pu',  gvoj  shirtings. 
、漂 白 布 jP'iau  peh  .yang  pu',  white  aldvtings. 
桂花布  Km'cI'  ,hwa  pu',  spotted  duffs. 


[ 46  ] 

斜文布  .Sie  .wen  pu',  American  drills. 
花 鎮 布 ,IIwa  .c'lii  pu',  domestics. 
漂 白 jP'iau  pch,  bleached. 

天 靑 ，T'ieii  ,t'siug,  purple.  單 子 ,Tan  ，ts'i',  a  statement. 

观毛 每一疋 十五雨 ，ii  .mau  'mei  yih  p'ili  ghih  'wu 

'liang,  ono  piece  of  camlet  costs  fifteen  taels. 

天靑哗 機 馬 掛 ,t'ien  jt'sing  pih  'clii  ，ma  kwa',  a  jacket 
of  purple  long  clh. 

花洋 布好買 不好買 ,hwa  .yang  pu'  ，1 薩， ，mai  puli 

'hull  ，ma.i，  (、(ni  printed  coftonn  be  hoiKiht  or  not  ？ 

本 色洋布 漂白洋 布全沒 W 人要 ，pen  seh  .yang 
pu'  ,p'iau  poll  .yuiig'  pu'  .t(siueu  muh  ，yeu  .jen  yau^,  both  for 
(jrei/  slnriinjjs  ami  white  there  is  no  demand. 

® 房裏 7 多旗布 裝的多 clian'  .fang  ，li  ,liwa  .c'hi  p'u 

,ch\vaiig  tih  ，to,  in  the  icarehouse  there  are  stowed  domestics  in 
large  quantities. 

斜 紋 布也不 少 .sie  .wen  pu'  'ye  puli  ，sliau，  of  drills  there 
is  a  ho  no  ^mall  quantity. 

有 客 商 要 花 详 布 ，yeu  k'cli  jsliang"  yau^  ,hwa  .yang  pu、 

there  arc  flcdh'VH  fr/io  want  printed  coffo}is, 

i 票 白的. 桂花 洋布沒 有顔色 的就有 .P'iau  peK 
tih  kvvei'  ,hwa  pu'  muli  'yen  .yen  Roh  tih  tsieu*  ^yeu, 

t/icre  are  no  white  sjmtlcd  cotton  cloths,  but  there  are 
coloured  ones, 

洋布 i^fc 從先賠 .yang  pu'  'pi  .t'sung  ,sicn  tsleu',  foreign 
eottom  arc  cheaper  than  before. 

此 刻不太 千客商 木敢買 ，t's'i  k'eh  puh  t、ai'  .p'ing 
k^eh  ,shang  puh  ，kan  ，！ nai，  at  present  times  are  not  peacefid, 
and  dealers  dare  uot  buy, 

洋布受 了海潮 # 毛病的 .yang  pu'  sLou'  'liau  'hai 
.e'hau  ，yeu  -mau  ping'  till,  cottons  that  imbihed  sea  damj)  are 
damaged, 

详布殺 從前價 値稍輕 .yang  pu'  kiau'  .t'sung  .f'sien 
kia*  ch'ih  ,shau  ，k4ng,  cotton  goods  comjxired  with  what  they 
fovmerh/  were  are  a  litflo  chcapp}\ 

今後的 束西甚 檨價錢 開單子 ，kin  bou'  tih 
,tuiig  ，si  shen'  yaug'  kia'  .t'sieu  ,k'ai  ,tan  'ts\,froin  t/iis  time 
the  pricfis  of  articles  will  be  stated  in  a  tabular  form. 


[ 47  ] 


LESSON  45.    FOREIGN  TRIBUTlil. 

年 系 E  .Nien  Id',  years  ；  time,    ffl  ^  C'liuli  .m\r\^,toohtamfiwic. 

進 貢 Tsin*  kung', 卿 tribute.-^ 相 'Tsai  siang*,  chief  minis'^ 

^j^i       K'u*  ，ts'i，  trousers.         f0.  ^  ,Si  .nieu,  rhinoceros,  [ter. 

靠 K'au',  to  rchj  on  ；  lean.  馬它 Loh  .t'o,  camel. 

靠 西 K'aii*  ,si,  lying  in  the  iccst/f^ 金 IV  ，kin,  gild  a  surface. 

jK'wei,  hehnet.  描 ^  .Mian  ,kin,  (lild  fgures. 

甲 Chi  ah,  coat  of  maiU  'Sa  ,kin,  gild  in  spots. 

水 晶 'Slmi  ,tsing,  rocJi-cr>/sfaL^!^  .Mien,  soft  ；  cotton. 

湯 王的. 年 紀有出 '名 的宰 ffl  , 呌 伊. 尹 ，T'ang 
.waiig  till  .nieu  ，ki  'yeu  c'huh  .rning  till  ,tsai  siang'  .uiing 
kiau*  ,1  ，yin，  in  the  time  of  T'ang-icang  there  was  a  celebrated 
minister  of  state  called  /"//". 

定見各 ji! 進. 貢 （^ia 矩 ting'  Iden'  koh  kwoli  tsin' 
kuDg'  till  ,kwei  'chii,  he  Jixed  the  regulations  for  the  jn-esents 
hrouqJit  from  ran  on  a  coioi  tries. 

束面有 魚皮的 褲子和 快劍 ，t™g  mien'  'yen  .ii 
.p'i  tih  k'u<  'tsi  .ho  k'wai'  kieiiS  from  the  ead  tcere  brought 
fish -six  in  frowsers  and  sharp  swords. 

南、^§貢珠子舉牙庫牛角 'nail  ,rien  km<  ，clm  'tsi, 
siang'  .ya  ,si  .nieu  kioh,  from  the  north  tcere  brought  pearls, 
eleplianta'  tu files,  and  rhinoccroH  horn. 

靠西 面的進 貢用紅 緑顔色 牛毛旗 子龍角 

和 大龜子 k'au'  ，si  mien*  tih  tsin'  kung'  yung'  ,hung 
liih  .yen  seh,  .nieu  .mau  .c'lii  'ts'i,  .lung  kioh  .ho  ta'  ,kwei 
'tsi,  those  on  the  ?cest  broiif^I/t  as  tribute  red  and  green  dijes, 
huffah-halr  sfi'c 麵 f)'s,  dnigon  /lorns,  and  large  tortokcs. 

北 籩國都 貢的麟 它 和白馬 peh  ,pien  kwoh  ,tu 

kung*  tih  loh  .t'o  .ho  peli  'ma,  the  northern  nations  presented 
camels  and  white  horses. 

明朝 日本 國進貢 S 甲腰刀 娘佥的 屛風灑 

金手箱 描金筆 II 水晶. 數珠 -Ming  .Chan  Jih 
'pen  kwoh  tsiu'  kung'  ,k'wei  chiah,  yau'  ,tau,  tu'  ,chin  tin 
.p'ing  jfeng,  'sa  ,chiii  'shcu  , siang,  .raiiiu  ,cliin  pih  hiah,  'shui 
jtsing  sliu'  ,cliu,  in  the.  Mine/  d//nasti/,  Japan  sent  as  tribute, 
helmets  and  coats  of  mail,  belt  knives,  gilt  embossed  screens,  hand 
boxes  spotted  with  gilt,  pencil  boxes  painted  with  gold,  and  crystal 
beach  J'or  numbering  prayers. 


[ 48  ] 


朝鮮出 白總紬 出 白綿 紙 .C'hau  ,sien  c'lmh  peh 

.iiiiL'u  .c'ht'U,  ciiuh  ])eli  .mieu  'cLi,  Corea  j^voduces  soft  white 
silky  and  soft  ？ r/a'ie  paper. 

,  瑶三 年進貢 五十匹 

'ma  ,san  .nicn  tsin'  kung*  'wu 
shih  p'ib,  of  horses  there  arc  fifty  prcmitcd  in  there  years. 

LESSON  46.    THE  EMPEROR'S  SEAL. 

]^ 前 ，I  .t'sien,  before.  方 才 ,Fang  t(sun(，  square  inch. 

以後， I  heuS  after.  天 子  jT'ieu  'tsi,  son  of  heaven. 

爾 'Si,  govermnent  seal.  ^       .Siiin  .c'hang,  common. 

\^\\  Yiu(，  mandarines  seal.  稱 ,C'heng,  to  name.  \_acter. 
圖 書 .T'u  ,shu,  common  seal. 象 文 Chwen*  .wen,  seal  char- 

封 ,Feng,  con  fer  a  title.  碰 見 P'eng'  chien',  to  meet. 

小' 誇 .PIcnfj,  horizontnl.  ^  Shu',  nprlqht. 

秦 ia 以前 姓都 可以身 邊帶璽 《i 金子銀 

子 和 玉做的 /I'sin  .c'hau  ，i  .t'sien  peh  sing'  ，tu  ，k((>  ，i 
,slieu  ,pieu  tai'  'si  yunj^^  ,chin  'tsi  .yin  'tsi  ,ho  yiih  tso*  tih, 
before  the  Tmi  chj nasty  the  people  could  icear  a  seal  at  their  sicky 
made  o  f  gold,  silver  and  jade. 

大 小 不 過 方 寸 ta《 siau《  puli  kwo*  ,fang  t《sim(，  they  are 

in  nize  onhj  an  inch  square. 

朝 代 的也 有 ^c'hau  tai'  yung'  ta《 tlh  'ye  ，yeu，  there 

aro  a  ho  (i//ua-sfie.s  that  have  used  large  ones, 

秦始皇 « 來天 子一個 A 的稱璽 ：T's;n  ，shi 
.liwaiig  ，i  .lai  ,t*ien  ，ts.i  yih  k"'  .jeu  tih  ,c*heng  ，si，  from  the 
time  of  Ts'ni'Hhi'hicaug  till  now  the  xcord  si  is  applied  onh/  to  the 
a  Pal  of  the  so}i  of  hear  en. 

官府 用的呌 印\ 尋. 常人 所用的 》4 圖書 

jkwan  ，fu  ，so  yung'  tih  kiau*  yin*,  .siiin  .c'hang  .jen  'so  yung* 
tih  kiau《  .t'u  ,shu,  tlioHe  used  hj  mandarins  are  called  yin, 
official  sea  Is  y  and  those  of  the  common  people  t'u  shu,  common 
seals. 

皇 帝的行 璽封國 都用的 hwang  ti'  till  .hing  'si 

jfeiig  kwoh  ,lu  ymig'  tih,  that  cnllcd  "  emperor's  travelling 
mil"  is  enipltii/cd  /"■  conferring  roydl  titles. 

皇帝 的信虚 4 發兵 ffl^  .hwang  ti'  tih  sin'  'si  shi' 
fall  ,ping  yuug'  tih,  "  the  faithful  seal"  is  used  in  dispatching 
an  army. 


[ '19  ] 


不是 皇帝不 許用玉 傲圖書 puh  BhV  .hwang  ti' 

pull  'hii  y uiig'  yiih  tso*  .t*u  ,shu,  except  flie  emperor  no  one  is 
aUoiced  to  me  a  seal  of  jade, 

上面有 刻的宇 « 天之 命 皇帝壽 昌 sh，' 

mien'  'veu  k'eh  till  tsi'  sheu'  ,t'ieu  ,clu  miug'  .liwang  ti( 
sheu'  ,c'hang,  itpon  it  are  engraven  the  words,  receiving  the 
dicree  of  heaven,  the  emperor  enjoifs  old  age  and  jJi'osperUy. 

各朝^ 的文 各. 檨 全 是象文 koli  .c'hau  k'eh  tih 

.wen  koh  yang*  .t'siuon  sh?  chwen'  .wen,  each  dynasty  nses 
its  peculiar  inscription,  all  are  in  the  seal  character. 

夭齊 年 的時候 在潭河 北岸上 A'ien  Vhi  sV 
.nien  tih  .shi  lieu'  tstn'  ,Chaiig  .ho  peli  ngan'  shaiig',  in  the 
4th  year  of  T'icn-c'hi,  on  the  north  hank  of  the  Chang  river. 

有一個 種田的 /、 正在耕 田碰犀 T 玉璽 

'yen  yih  ko'  cliuug*  .t*ieu  till  .jen  cheng'  tsai'  ，keng  .t'iea 
p'eng'  kien^  ，liau  yiih  ，si,  an  agricultural  lahourer  as  he  was 
ploitglnng  fell  in  with  a  jade  seal. 

不敢自 a 藏着拿 去送. 給本官 puh  'kan  tsi'  'Chi 
,t*sang  choh  .na  c'b u'  sung'  ，kt'i  'pen  ，kwan，  he  did  vot  dare  hide 
if,  but  took  it  to  I  he  manddi'in  of  the  place  and  jyyeseiited  it  to  him. 

四 方的檨 子橫的 S  ^ 四寸寬 si'  >ng  tih  yang' 
'tsi  .heng  tih  shu'  tih  si'  t'sun'  ,k'wan,  it  was  square  in  its  form 
and  waf>  four  inches  wide,  abroad  and  across.     ^and  two  tenths. 

厚 — 寸 二 分 lieu'  yih  t'sun  er'  ,fen,  it  was  in  thk'hms  an  inch 

上面育龍歳叫^^离龍紐 shang'  mien'  'yeu  .lung 
•t'eu  kiau'  tso'  .c'h'i  .lung  'nieu,  on  its  upper  surface  was  a 
dragon    hapcd  handle,  called  the  crooked  dragon  button. 

坐离 si 紐高一 寸八分 -c'lii  .lung  'nieu  ,kau  yih  t'sun' 
pah  ,fcn,  the  crooked  dragon  button  was  one  inch  and  eight 
tenths  in  heiglii. 

項要緊 的是傳 國玉璽 從秦始 皇朝代 *g 

到 今 'ting  yau'  'chin  tih.  shi'  .c'liwen  kwob  yiih  'si 
.t'sung  .T'sin  'shi  .hwang  .c'hau  tai'  chih  . c'liwen  tau*  .ju 
jCliin,  the  most  important  is  the  seal  for  transmitting  the  empire, 
which  from  the  reign  of  the  emperor  Tsin-sh'i-hwmig  has  been 
preserred  till  the  present  time. 

皇 地賓禾 把傳國 玉璽 就傳. I& 新皇帝 .hwang 
ti'  ,piii  jt'ien  pa'  .c'hwen  kwoli  yiih  'si  tsieu'  .c'hweu  kih  ，sin 
.hwang  ti',  the  emperor  when  dying  (when  departing  for  heaven) 
takes  the  seal  of  hereditary  government  and  gives  it  to  the  new 
emperor. 


[ 50  ] 


LESSON  47.    GRATITUDE,  AN  AXECDOTE. 

遭 難    ,Tsau  nau',  fall  into 收 ^  .Shcu  .lieu,  to  retain. 

misfortune.  [fering. 官 爵 ^Kwan  tsioh,  government 

脫 難 ,T'oli  nan',  escape  svf*  ojpcc.s. 
椎 ，T(ui  'kei,  to  give  away.  ~~ •       Yih  kuiig',  the  whole. 
奉 事 Feng'  shi',  to  Hcri-c.       皇 上 .Hwang  shang',  emperor. 

貝 中  .Lang  ,clmng,  vioii  ]en',    to  ac- 

of  a  hoaM.  him'k'clge. 

報 恩 Pau'  .11  gen,  he  gratoful. 必 定 Pih  ting',  certainly. 

李 大 壳 遭 了 難 ，Li  ta*  liaug'  ,tsaii  'liau  nan',  Li-ta-Uang 

fell  into  misforfiinc. 

5^ 弼一 個朋 S 救他 的難 ,Chang  pih  yih  ko'  .p'eng 

，yt、u  cliiea*  ,ra  till  nau',  C hangup ih  a  friend  rescued  him  from 
trouble, 

後 來發了 富貴 hc'u《  .lai  fall  ,liau  fu'  kweiS  aftencards  he 

]}crame  rich  and  great. 

潜 上 遇 見 張 tau'  shang'  u《 cliieu*  , Chang  pih,  on  the 

road  ho  met  (Jh(wg-pUi. 

^  i^^i  ^  ^  ,1a  clioh  ,t'a  tih  ，； slicu  k'lih,  he  seized  him 
b;/  tliP  hand  and  ivopt. 

—一的 家財全 推鈴他 yih  t^sieh  tih  ,cliia  .t'sal 
.t'siuen  ,t(ui  kih  ，t''a,  the  whole  of  his  property  he  gave  over 
to  him. 

他不 肯収留 >t'a  pull  'k'eng  ,sheu  .liau,  he  would  not 
receive  it. 

上朝說 鈴 皇 帝 聽 shang'  .c'hau  shwoh  kih  .hwaiig  ti《 

,t*ii»g,  goituj  to  court  he  related  his  Htory  to  the  emperor. 

說道 臣如今 奉事. 皇上都 * 張弼 的力量 

slnvuh  tail'  .c'hen  .jii  ,kia  feng'  shi''  .bwang  shaug'  ,tu  sh'i' 
,Cliang  pih  tih  lih  Hang',  he  mid,  that  your  subject  can  at 
pvoHent  nerve  the  emperor  is  all  due  to  the  cfoHs  of  C/iung-pih. 

情願把 臣的窜 爵一^ 給他 .t''singyueu<  'pa'  .c'hen 
tih  ，k\van  tsioh  yih  kung*  kih  ,t'a,  I  desire  that  all  my  offices 
飄 V  be  given  to  him. 

皇 帝用他 爲郧中  .liwang  ti'  yung'  ,t'a  .wei  .lang  ,cliung, 

the  e}npcyor  emplof/ed  him  as  a  member  of  <me  of  tke  bocmh. 

兩 個人各 有好處 liang'  k。'  .jen  koh  'ycu  ，】iau  c'lm(， 
the  two  men  were  both  to  be  admired. 


[ 51  ] 

這一 個. 不 承認. 自己 有好處 Che'  yih  ko'  puh 

.c'heng  jen*  tsi*  ，clii  'yeu  ，liau  c'lm(，  the  one  would  not  admit 
that  he  was  good. 

那一 個必定 要報恩 na'  yih  ko'  pih  ting'  yaii(  pau< 
,iigen,  tlie  other  icas  bent  on  recompensing  a  favour. 

LESSON  48.    GENEROSITY,  AN  ANECDOTE. 

法 Si'  fall,  jMst/i'iwwKs  title. ^ 夜 T's?  ye',  stay  the  night. 
-F  jWang,  prince;  king.  嘗 Jj  .No  tung',  to  remove. 
^  jKung,  first  title  of  nobility.  ^ 子 ,Kuiig  ，tsi，  young  gentle- 
共 總 Kung'  'tsung,  altogetJter.'^^  Iluh,  five  teu.  [願 w. 

,Sheng,  one  pint.  ^  'Ten,  ten  pints.  [tremely. 

回 答 .Hwei  tab,  to  rophj.       了不得 ，Liau  puh  teh,  ex- 

宋 %% 有. 個 宇相^ 范的 Sung'  .c'liau  ，yeu  ko'  'tsai 
siang'  sing*  Fun'  tih，  in  the  Sung  dynasty  tit  ere  uas  a  prime 
minider  of  the  Fan  family. 

It 法 B 斗文正 Si'  fah  kiau'  .Wen  cheng'  ,kung,  in  his 

post// unions  title  he  is  styled  the  jioJkhed  and  correct  nolle  of  the 
first  degree. 

打 發他的 |£ 子到蘇 州 去 'ta  fall  ,t'a  tih  .er  'tsi  tau' 

,Sii  ,c'heu  c'liii',  Jw  sent  his  son  to  SucheH. 

將麥船 拉回來 jtsiang  meli  .c'hwen  ,1a  .hwei  .lai,  to  bring 
hack  .sume  boat  loads  of  wheat. 

^  ^  ^  ^  t's'i'  ye'  tsai'  ,Tan  .rang,  lie  passed  the  night 
at  Tan-yanq. 

遇見一 1^ 老相] fif 與父親 同年的 a'chien'yih 

ko'  ，lau  jsiang  'hau  'ii  fu*  ，t'^^iu  .rung  .uiou  tih,  lie  hcuv  an  old 
friend,  of  the  same  year  with  his  father, 

說' 寧 裏三 口.  A 死了 棺 '材 不. 能 挪 iNi^vuKchia 
，li  ,sau  ，k'eu  .jeu  Vi'  ，liau  ,k\vau  .t^sai  puh  .rieng  .no  tung*, 
who  said  that  tJiree  persons  of  his  family  had  died,  and  he  had 
not  yet  hem  ahle  to  renwrr  their  cojfins. 

葬好了 回到 4 匕邊去 tsang'  ，hau  ，liau  .hwei  tau'  peli 
pieu'  c'hii',  after  they  ire  re  Jmried,  he  ivould  ret  am  to  the  north, 

沒有法 子系贪 他 辦 rinih  'yen  Mi  ，ts'i  kih  ，t/a  pan',  he  had 

no  means  of  doing  any  thing  for  him. 
無 可 奈 ^  .wu  '，k(o  ，nai  .ho,  there  n^as  nothing  he  conld  do. 

范 4^ 子就 把麥船 上帶來 的麥子 送了他 


[ 52  ] 


Fan'  jkung  'ts'i  tsieu'  'pa  meh.  .c'hwen  sliang'  tai'  .lai  tih  meh 
，ts'i  sung'  'liau  ，t(a，  f/ie  young  gentleman  Fan  then  took  the 
wheaf  on  the  boats  and  gave  it  him. 

共總有 五百角 $  kung'  'tsung  'yeu  ，、vu  peh  hull,  in  all 

there  icfrc  fire  hundred  mecwiros<. 

回 來他老 子問他 見過了 什麼朋 友沒有 

•hwei  .lai  ，t'a  ，lau  'tsi  wen'  ,t'a  cliien'  kwo'  ，liau  shili  ，mo 
.p^eng  'yeu  muh  ，yeu，  on  returning  his  father  ashed  him  if  he 
had  seen  a  in/  friends  or  not  ？ 

他告 老 子在丹 陽遇見 了一個 家中死 

了三口 人的 ,t'a  kau'  su*  ,t'a  'lau  'tsi  tsai'  ,Tau  .yang 
ii'  chien'  'liau  yih  ko'  ,chia  ,chung  'si  'liau  ,san  ，k'eu  .3 en 
tih,  /fe  told  Jmfather  that  at  Tnn-yang  he  had  met  one  who 
had  had  three  pcrmns  of  hk  famih/  die. 

他老 子聽見 他說就 問他爲 什麽不 把船上 

的 麥 子 帮 他 ,t'a  'lau  'ts'i  ,t*ing  chien'  ,t'a  shwoh  tsieu' 
wen'  ,t'a  wei'  sliih  'mo  puh  'pa  .c'liwen  shang'  tih  meh  'ts'i 
,pang  ,t'a,  his  father  heayincj  uliat  he  said,  at  once  ankecl  Mm 
n-hy  he  did  not  qivp  Jiim  the  'wheat  in  the  Imih  to  assi-tt  liim. 

他回 答說^ 已經 把艄上 的麥子 送了他 

,t'a  .hwei  tali  shwoh  'wo  ，i  ,ching  'pa  .c'hweu  shang'  tih 

meh  'tsi  sung'  'liau  ，t'a，  he  replied,  I  hace  already  presented 
him  irith  the  irhvat  on  the  bortfs. 

他老子 聽見了 喜歡的 了不得 ，t'a  'lau  ，tsi  .t'ing 
chieu'  'liau  'hi  ,li\van  tih.  'liau  puh  toll,  his  father  on  hearing 
it  was  extremely  jj leased. 

LESSON  49.    SELF-COXTROL,  AN  ANECDOTE. 

從前 有個宰 相姓韓 的死了 後封他 做了魏 

國 ^  .t'sung  .t^sien  'yeu  ko'  'tsai  slang^  sing'  Han  ,tih  * 
'Jiau  heu^  ,feng  ，t《a  tso《  'liau  .A^^ei  .kwoli  ,kung,  formerly 
there  was  a  prime  mini'^iUr  who^e  family  name  was  Han;  after 
/ns  death  he  was  honoured  u'ilh  the  title  Wei  kicoli  kiuig,  i.  e. 
uobk  of  the  first  rank  of  the  kingdom  of  Wei, 

他 家處收 着一個 $ 酒林 ,t'a  ,cliia  'li  ,shcu  .choK 
,yili  ku'  yiik'  'tsicu  ,pei,  in  his  house  he  had  a  Jade-stone 
wine-cup. 

*  From  this  lesson  onwards  the  Peking  sounds  are  given  for  words  in  juh 
Blionr^,  but  the  distiuguishiug  h  final  uaecl  for  all  words  iu  thia  toue-clasa  is 
rotaiued 


[ 53  ] 


與 是無價 之蠻 ,chen  sbi'  .wu  chia'  ,ch'i  'pan,  it  was 

indeed  an  invalaiible  tr  en  sure. 

每次 請客欽 M  'ii 、要拿 出來搠 在;？ 上， mei 

t《si(  ，t'siiig  k'eh  ，yin  ，tsieu  .pih  yau'  .i】a  ,c4iuh  .lai  ，koh  tsai《 
.sih  shangS  every  time  he  invited  gueds  to  drink  wine  it  was 
comtdutli/  hvonglit  oid  to  place  on  the  table. 

最暴他 Hi 、愛 的東^  tsui'  sh?  ,t^a  ，sin  ngai《  ,tlh  ,tung 
，si,  it  was  a  thing  exccedin()h/  vahiecL 

那一 天教底 下人' #  了 個細碎 na'  yih'  ,fien 
cliiau'  ，ti  hia'  .jeu  ,sli\vaili  'liau  ko'  si'  sui',  one  day  by  a  ser- 
mnt  it  mis  throicn  down  and  broken  into  small  pieces. 

把底 下人嚇 的臉上 都改了 顔， 色、. pa'，tihia' 

•jen  hiali'  ,tih  'lieu  sluing'  ，tu  ，kai  ，li;iu  .yen  'shaih,  the  ser- 
vant was  so  friglitened  that  his  face  quite  lost  its  colour. 

跪 在地下 ^頭間 該治他 甚麼罪 kwei'  tsai'  H' 
hia'  ,k',oh  .t't'u  weu'  ,kai  ch.i'  ,t'a  shen'  'mo  tsui',  he  knelt 
down  and  knocked  his  head  on  the  ground  asking  what  punish- 
ment should  he  adjudged  him. 

魏圃" ^向他 一 雜 .Wei  .kwoh  ,kung  hiang*  ，t(a  ,yih 
.t'siau,  the  chief  noble  of  the  Wei  kingdom  glanced  at 
him. 

不慌不 忙的告 if 他' 說 Puh(  ,hwang  puh  .mang  ,tili 
kail'  su'  ,t'a  ,shwoli,  without  haste  or  agitation,  he  spoke  to  him 
as  follows : —— 

無豳 甚麽東 西該成 該破都 有一. 定的氣 ，數 

.WU  lull'  slien'  'mo  ,tung  ,si  ,kai  .c'heng  ，kai  p'o'  ，tu  yeu 

,yili  ting'  ,tih  c'hi'  slm',  cix'rij  thing  no  matter  what,  ichether  it 

is  to  be  preserved  or  broken  has  a  fixed  destiny; 
況具你 是一時 失手 k'wang'  ，t'sie  ，！ li  .shi  ,yih  .shi 

,shih  'slicu,  mid  more  f/ian  tJiia  you  have  for  once  let  it  fall. 
並非故 意的要 匝破他 — g'  ,fei  ku'  i'  ,tili  yau'  tsa 

p'o'   ，t'a,   it   certainli)  "  not  that  you  tcilfnUy  desired  to 

break  it. 

說着 臉上航 沒有一  f、S 惱怒 的意思 和筹' 常 

' 樣 ,sliwoh  ,choli  'lien  shaug'  ping'  .muh  'yeu  yih'  'tieii 
'nan  uu'  ,tih  i'  ,si  .ho  .silin  .c'bang  .yili  yang',  as  he  spolce  on 
his  conntenance  there  was  not  ani/  appearance  of  anger,  it  looked 
the  same  as  if  onUnarili/  did. 
連責傭 責備都 木忍的 .lien  .tseh  pei'  .tseh  pei(  ,tu 
,puh  jen'  ,tih,      to  reproviny,  he  could  not  hear  to  reprove. 


[ 54  ] 


LESSON  50.    INTEGRITY,  AN  ANECDOTE. 

中國念 書人有 〜個 叫司馬 is  ^  ,Chung  .kwoh 
iiieii'  ,shu  .jen  'yeu  .yih  ku'  cliiau'  ，S.i  'ma  ,weii  ,kuug,  among 
the  literary  men  of  China  is  one  called  Si-ma  Wen-kimg,  or  the 

gentle  noble  of  the  Si-ma  fn'mUi/. 

在' 家裏有 了一個 爲的 是自己 行樂在 

• 裏就 8.4  ， 樂国 tsai'  ,chia  ，li  'yeu  'liau  .yih  ko'  ,bwa 
.yuen  wei'  ,tih  sli'i'  ，chi  .hing  loh*  tsai'  na*  ，li  tsieu'  cliiau 
.tuh  loh'  .yuen,  at  his  reHidence  he  built  a  fioicer  garden,  and 
because  he  himself  took  recreation  there  he  called  it  the  garden  of 
solitary  pleasure. 

有個 ♦  H 子. 的人. 名 叫呂直 ，- yeu  k。'  k'an'  .yuen 
，tsi  ,tih  .jen  .ming  chiaii*  'Lii  .cliih,  there  was  a  gardener 
there  of  the  L  'u  famihi,  caUal  Straigld-fonvard. 

因爲 他性子 愚眷做 出事來 不會灣 灣轉轉 

的 ,yiii  we?  ，t(a  sing'  ，ts'i  .ii  ，lii  tso^  ,c'liuh  shi'  .lai  .puh 
hwei*  ,wan  ,wan  ，chwen  'ctiwen  ,tih,  became  his  disposition 
-was  simple  and  rude,  and  he  could  not  do  things  in  a  crooked 

温 公就. 鈴他 起了一 個直字 的名宇 ,Wen 
jkung  tsieu'  ，keih  ，t'a  'c'hi  'liau  .yih  ko'  .chili  tsi"  ,tih  .ining 
tsi',  JVen-kiing  on  this  account  choaefar  him  the  character  Ch'ih 
as  /lis  name,  meaning  "  St) -a igh t -fori card." 

到 了春天 的時候 tail'  'liau  ，c'hun  ,t'ien  ,tili  .shi  lieu', 

wJieii  spruK/  arrived, 

有, 讀書^ 入三五 成羣都 到園裏 來遊玩 

'yeu  .tuh  ,shu  ,tili  .jen  ,sau  ，、vu  .c'heng  .c'hiiui  ，tu  tau'  .yueu 
，li  .lai  .yeu  wan',  many  students  of  books,  in.  conipanics  of  three 
and  five,  cantc  to  ilie  garden  to  icalk  about  for  picture. 

看園子 的得的 ^錢 不少數 了一藪 就有十 

吊 都；^ 他們留 下的. k'an'  .yuen  'tsi  ,tili  .teh  ,tih 
.c'ha  .t'sien  puh'  'shau  shu'  'liau  .yih  sliu*  tsieu*  'yeu  .sli.i.h 
tiau'  ,tu  shi'  ,t'a  .men  .lieu  hia*  ,tih,  the  gardener  received 
tea-mou('!/  to  no  amall  mnonnt,  and  after  coioitiiig  it  found  that 
he  had  ten  strings  {about  £2  10s.  of  our  mo)tc>j)  which  had  been 
left  h\i  them. 

那一 天看圚 子的呂 直把這 十吊錢 一五一 

十交 鈴温公  na'  yih'  ,t'ion  k'an'  .yuen  'ts'i  ,tih  'Lii 
•chill  pa'  che'  ,sLili  tiau'  .t'aou  yili'  ，wii  yih'  .i^hih  ,cliuiu 


[ 65  ] 


，kei  jAVen  ,kuDg,  that  very  clay  the  gardener  Lu-clnh  took 
these  ten  strings  of  cash,  and  in  Jives  and  tern  gave  them  to 

温公 說這. 是 你應該 得的錢  ,Wen  ,kung  ,shwoh 
cbe'  shr  ，ui  ying'  ,kai  .teh  ,tili  .t'sien,  Wen-kung  said,  this 
money  yon  ought  to  receive. 

拿 了 去 ^  .11  a  ，liau  c'hii'  pa,',  tahe  it  and  go. 

敲了 舉遍他 一定. 要草下 ,sliwoh  'liau  ，cM  picn'  ，t'a 
•yili  ting*  yau'  .lieu  hia'，  after  repeating  it  several  times,  he 
^till  insisted  on  Jearitu/  if. 

惹的温 都惱了  'je  ,tih  ,Wen  ,laing  ,tu  'nau  'liaii, 
until  he  ])roroked  Wen-Jcung  to  become  angn/. 

纔勉强 拿了去  .t'sai  'mien  'c'hiang  .na  ，liau  c^liii^,  he 

then  reluctdnih/  carried  it  au'm/. 

還回 着頭說 R 有主 人不 愛錢麽 ..liwfm  .hW 
jcholi  .t'eu  jshwoli  .cLili  ，yeu  ，eliu  .jen  .puh  iigai'  .t^sieu,  'mo, 
turning  liis  head  round  lie  mid、  it  k  only  my  master  I  suppose 
tJnit  does  not  love  money  ？ 

叉過了 十幾天  yeu'  kwo'  'liau  .sliili  ，clii  ,t'Ien,  again  a 

fete  (hn/s  passed  aw  ay, 

± 入到 園裏属 井上. 新蓋了  一個亭 子.， chu 

.jen  tau'  .yucn  ，ji  chien《  ，tsing  shang'  ，sin  kai'  ，liau  .yih  ko《 
.t^ng  ，ts'i，  the  master  going  iuto  his  garden  saw  over  the  well  a 
new  arhour  erected. 
盤 問 他 們 .p^an  wen^  ，t《a  ,men,  he  asked  those  who  were  there 

li^lt 是 前曰看 園子得 的那十 吊錢， 

蓋 的 -t'sai  ,chi  tau'  tsiou'  sM(  .t'sien  jili'  k'an  .yuen  ，tsi 
.teh  ,tih  na'  .shih  tiau'  .t'sien  ,sin  kai'  ,tih,  he  then  learned 
that  it  was  neivly  built  with  the  ten  strings  of  cash  obtained  by 
the  gardener.  . 

LESSOX  hi.    RULES  FOR  A  FREE-SCHOOL. 

設立 義學' 於須 請人. 品. 端正 的人 做先生 

slieli'  lih'  i*  .hi()h  pih^  ,su  ，t(sing  .jeu  ，p'in  ,twan  chcng*  till 
.jen  tso*  jsien  ,sheug,  m  establishing  a  charity  school y  you  m ust 
invite  a  man  of  upright  character  to  be  master. 

學間要 逋.^ 教訓 要 A!L、  .hiueh  .wen  yau'  ，t'ung 
,ta  cliiau'  hiliu'  yau'  tsiii'  ,sin,  in  his  learning  he  must  be 
thorough,  and  in  his  teaching  diligent  and  faithfuL 


C  56  ] 

這個. 義學纔 不致有 名無胃 Che'  ko'  i<  .hiueh 

.Vs'di  .pull  chr  'yen  .miiig  .wu  ,sb*ih,  tJiis  charity  school  will 
then  not  become  a  name  without  realiti/. 

輕昝 此事的 人每年 秋冬的 時候雨 下定見 

明 白  ,chiiig'  'kwau  ，tVi  sM(  ,tih  .jeii  ，騰 i  .nien  ，t《sieu 
,tung  ,tili  .slii  heu'  liang'  liia《  ting"'  chieu*  .miDg  .peh，  those 
who  superintend  the  matter,  every  year  iu  the  autumn  or  winter, 
make  the  arvanqcnmits  on  both  sides. 

開 载 的 日子. 前三天 m 紅 帖奉請 先生來 

jk'ai  'kwan  ，tih  jili'  'tsi  .t'sieu  ,san  ,t'icu  yung'  .hung  ，t'ieh 
jfung  't'sing  ,sien  ,sheng  .lai,  three  days  before  the  time  of 
opening  tJte  school,  a  red  card  should  he  j^rcpared  and  presented 
to  the  vmdcr  inviting  him  to  come.' 

先车求 fff  ― 年二十 八千文 ,sien  ,slieng  .suh  ,sleu 
yili*  .1  lie  11  er'  ,s]iih  ,pah  ,t'sien  .wen,  the.  master's  emolument 
shall  be  tireiif//  eiqJit  thousand  cash  in  a  year. 

飯， 錢 i^li、 相 #  ，共 總 二 十 八 千 文 fan'  .t'sien 
，tien  jsiii  .t'sieii  'mei  .nien  kung'  'tsung  er'  .shih  ,pah  ,t'sien. 
.wen,  his  allowance  for  dinners  and  luncheom  Kill  be  in  all 
Ucenty  eight  thousand  casJi. 

擊车： 以 ± 纔可以 上學堂 .bi6!!  ,sheng  ，t'sili 
sui*  ，i  shang^  .t/sai  ，k'o  ，i  sliang'  .hioh  .fang,  pupils  of  seven 
years  and  more  can  enter  the  HchooL 

他們 的夂親 哥哥預 先要開 明本學 * 的姓 
名 年紀 住 處送到 學掌來 好上. 簿. 子 ，t'a 

.men  ，tih  i'u'  ,t'siu  ,ko  ，ko  yii'  ,sien  yau'  ,k'ai  .ming  'pen 
•Inoh  ,shcng  ,tili  sing'  .iiiing,  .nien  'clii  elm'  c'hu'  sung'  tau' 
•bioli  .t'ang  .lai  'hau  shang'  pu'  ，t'si，  their  fathers  and  elder 
hvothci's  must  prepare  a  clear  statement  of  the  surnames  and 
proper  names,  age  and  residence  of  the  pupils,  and  bring  it 
to  the  school  that  entries  m(u(  he  made  on  the  books. 

舉生到 辩 各人在 君面 前做三 個楫. hioli 
jsheng  tail'  'kwan  'koh  .jcn  tsai'  ti'  ,chiim  mion*  .t'sien  tso' 
，san  ko'  ,yih,  tJie  svJiolars  on  (tn'id)ig  at  the  school  are  to  make 
three  boiv.s  to  the  god  of  literature. 

後來 就歸坐  lieu'  .lai  tsieu'  ,kwei  tso(，  after  this  they  take 
their  's'w/,s.  ' 

到 ^ 裏 放擊的 時候也 照這樣 tau'  ye'  ，li  fang' 
•tioh  tih  .shi  heu'  'ye  chau'  che'  yung',  at  night  when  the 
school  is  dismissed  they  do  this  again. 


C  57  1 


每月 初一十 五先生 if! 他們 到文帝 武帝魁 

畢面 前做. 雨 楫， mei  yueh  ,c'hu  ,yih  .sliih  ，"'u 
,sien  jsbeug  'ling  ,t'ii  .men  tau'  .wen  ti'  ，wu  ti'  ,k'wei  ，- sing 
mien*  .t'sieu  tso'  'liang  ko'  ,yih,  every  month,  on  the  first  anil 
Jiftccnth,  the  master  is  to  take  the  pupils  to  make  two  bows 
before  the  gods  of  Hterature  and  military  affairs  and  before 
K'tcei-svig  [a  st(ti、  in  the  G-rmt  Bear). 

輕管的 入一個 貝兩次 親自. 到館中 ,cW«g  'kwan 
，tih  .jeii  ，yih  ko'  yueh'  'liang  t*si'  ，t(siii  tsi'  tau'  'kwan  ,cliung, 

the  super  in  temkntH  twice  a  month  qo  themselves  to  the  school. 

查， 功課把 他所念 的書柚 出一本 來教他 

背 c'ha  wen'  ,kung  ，k(o  pa*  ,t'a  ，so  nien*  ，tili  ，sliu  ,c'heu 
，c'huli  yih^  'pen  .lai  chiau^  ，t'a  .sheuh  pei《，  they  inquire  into 
the  tasks  of  the  pupils^  take  the  books  they  read,  select  a  volume 
and  call  on  them  to  recite  it  withoid  mhtako. 

所認的 字指出 幾値？ Kft 他 識認>  ]'en'  ,tih 

tsi'  'chi  ,c*huh  ^chi  k(/  Jai  chiau"^  ，t'a  ，sliih  jeii^,  as  to  the 
characters  tJie  scholars  know,  thej/  point  them,  and  require  their 
sound  to  he  given. 

若 是有背 不過來 和不認 得字. 的 joV  Shi'  ，yeu 
pei'  .puh  kwo'  .lai  .ho  puh'  jen'  .teli  tsi'  ,tih,  if  any  one  can- 
no  i  recite,  and  does  not  knoic  characters  cor  recti  i/. 

把 m 的姓^ 貝!! i 在墙 上記 過 ，pa  ,t'a  ,tih  sing, 

.ming  t'ieh  tsai*  .t'siang  shang'  clu^  k\vo(，  his  name  is  ； pasted 
on  the  wall  in  renmnbmnce  of  his  fault. 

三^ 不^ 請 先生^ 別賣打 ，san  tVi'  puh'  ，kai 
，t(sing  ,sieii  ,sheng  ,1'en  ,pieh  tseh  ，ta,  after  three  times  should 
he  not  improve^  the  master  is  desired  to  give  him  a  proportional 
heating  on  the  hand. 

背秉熟 認字. 眞寫 字好. 的賞他 的錢 

pei'  ，shu  .sheuh,  .jen'  t^i'  ,chen,  ，sie  tsi'  ，hau  ,tili,  'sbaiig  ,t'a 
'mai  .pih  ,tih  .t'sien,  if  they  recite  their  books  perfectly,  give  the 
so.und  of  the  characters  correcthj,  and  write  neatly,  they,  are  to 
be  reworded  with  cash  to  hni/  writiurj  pencils. 

書 館裏有 大學生 小學 生愛打 架的趕 

他出 去不 準上館 ,shu  'kwan  ，li  ，yeu  ta'  .hioh  ,slieng 
jC'hi  fu*  'siau  .hioh  ,sheng,  ngai'  'ta  chia'  ,tih  'kan  t'a  c'huh. 
c'hii',  puh'  'chun  shang'  'kwan,  if  in  the  school  any  old  scholar 
ill  treat  any  young  scholar,  and  if  there  he  any  who  are  fond  of 
fighting,  they  must  be  driven  from  the  school,  and  not  allowed  to 
attend  it.. 


C  58  ] 


LESSON  52.    A  CAVERN. 

京 西有雲 水洞是 有名的  ,king  ,si  'yen  .Yiin  'shui 
tung'  shi'  'yeu  .ming  ,tih，  on  the  west  of  the  capital  the  Cloud 
and  icafer  cavern  is  ce/ehrafcd. 

離着 P 審不 遠在高 山邊上 .li  ,choh   .mei  .yau 

puh'  ，yuen  tsai'  ,kau  ,slian  ,pien  shang",  it  is  not  distant  from 

the  coal  mines,  and  is  on  the  sUIp  of  a  high  hilL 

有 和尙. 住 在洞門 替客人 領路的 ，yeu  .ho  sLang, 
cliu'  tsai'  tuug'  .men  t'i'  k'eh'  .jen  'ling  lu'  ,tih,  there  is  a 
priest  who  /ires  at  the  door  of  the  cavern,  and  leads  the  icay  for 


帶 着火把 走進去  tai*  ，choli  ，！ iwo  'pa  ，tseu  tsin《  c^hii', 

i (iking  torches  thnj  enter. 

褢，^ 石頭 1^  f 弗滴 水成. 的 $K  'li  mien'  ,tih  .shih 
•t'eu  'fang  fuh'  ，ti】i  'siiui  .c'heng  ，tih  ,ping,  the  stone  icithin  is 
like  dropping  n-ater  foyminq  icicJes. 

這、 個 J 有' 口  b4 做 牛郧 口矮得 狠總要 }八 着 

進 去 che(  ko(  tung'  'yeu  'k'eu  chiau'  tso'  .nieu  .laiig  'k'eu 
Dgai'  tell  'hen  'tsung  yau'  .p'a  ,choh  tsin'  c'hii',  this  cavern 
has  a  passage  called  the  Jm'(kman， s  passage,  it  is  very  low ;  you 
■mmt  creep  to  pass  through  if. 

一路進 去;^ 致狠多 .yih  lu'  tsin'  c'hii'  'king  chi'  'hen 

，to,  a//  t/te  H'm!  in,  the.  citriositics  are  very  numerous. 

有 兩條石 il  ffi 守 着洞口    ，yeu  'Hang  .t'iau  .shih 

-lung  'pa  ，slieu  ，clioh  tung'  'k*eu,  there  are  tivo  stone  dragons 
gum'diug  the  cavern  entrance, 

有 黑龍谭 是乾的 白龍潭 * 有水的 ，yeu  ,hei 
.luug  .t'an  shi'  ,kan  ，tili  .pai  .lung  .fan  slii'  'yeu  'shui  ,tih, 
there  is  ako  a  Hack  dragon  pool,  which  is  dry,  and  a  white 
dragon  pool  with  water. 

叉 有 I 全 虎 棒 yeu'  'yeu  ,sliweu  ，！ lu  ,cliwaug,  iliere  is  also  a. 
pillar  called  the  tiqcr -tying  post. 

把火把 照着光  'pa  ，！ iwo  ，pa  chau'  ,clioli  ,kwang,  take  a 
torch  and  'skew  a  liqJd. 

當初有 人到， P 裹來尋 找寶石 ,tang  ,c'lm  'yeu 
.jen  tail'  tung'  ，li  .lai  .siiiu  'chau  ，pau  .shih,  fonnerly  a  man 
went  into  the  eaveni  to  seek  for  precious  stones. 

：？^ 知 甚摩綠 他就 死了  puh  ,chi  slien'  ，！ n。  .yuen 
ku'  ，t'a  tsieu'  'si  ，liau，  /  do  not  know  what  was  ihc  cause  of  it, 
but  he  died  there. 


[ 59  ] 


水滴在 他的身 上漸漸 的成了      頭 ，'^i  ,tih 

tsai*  ，t(a  ，tili  ,slicu  shang'  ,tsien  ,tsieii  ，tih  .c*heng  ，liau  .shih 
•t《eu,  water  dropped  on  /n's  body  and  (jradnaUy  Ite  was  turned 
info  stone. 

如 +       在 洞裏雨 伏着地 .ju  ,chin  ,t'ang  tsai'  tung' 

，li  mieu'  full  ,choh  ti',  is  note  h/ing  in  the  carern  with  his 
face  io  the  ground. 

這石 頭人叫 l^f  |5  [^別 寶 che<  .shih  .t'eu  cliiau^ 

tso'  -liwei  .liwoi  pieh  ，pau，  flik  stone  man  is  called  the 
Malionu'tan   Hclectuuj  precious  stones. 

進去/ V 里 1^ 有：) .tsin^  c'hii<  ,pah  '\{  lu《 ，yeu  ，slmi, 

after  entering  for  a  diHtaucc  (^f  eight  li  there  is  miter. 

和逸早 把木頭 做了個 '栅欄 不》4 人 進去又 

返 .ho  shaiig'  'tsau  pa'  luuli'  ,t'eu  tso'  'liau  ko'  cliah'  .lau 
pull'  chiau'  .jen  tsiu'  c'lii'i'  yeu*  ，yu(3n，  the  priesU  early  made 
a  icooden  harrier  to  prevent  persons  (/oiiig  fartliev. 

嘉慶年 P 有兩 個人 進. 去 ^  - 有出來 ,，ia  c'hing; 
.uien  ,cluen  'yeu  'liaiig  ko'  .jeu  tsin'  c'hii'  mei'  ，yeu  c'nuh 
.lai,  in  the  reign  of  Kia-k'ing  {about  50  yean  since)  two  men 
entered  and  never  came  out  again. 


LISTS  OF  USEFUL  WORDS  AND  SHORT  PHRASES. 

1.    Place  and  Direction. 
裏 面 'li  mien',  inside. 
外 5§  wai'  .t'eu'  outside. 
城 裏 .c'heng  'li,  in  the  city. 

夕 I*  .c'heng  wai',  outside  the  city. 

上 .c'hiau  shang',  on  the  bridge. 

上 .leu  sliang',  tip  stairs. 
^ 西 jching  ,si,  west  of  the  capital. 
宮 北 ,kimg  ，pei，  north  of  the  temple. 
鼓 樓 東 'ku  .leu  jtung,  east  of  the  drum  tower. 
底 下 ，ti  hia',  under. 
脚 底 下 'chiauh  ，ti  hia',  under  foot, 
适 邊 che'  ,pien,  on  this  side. 
那 邊 na'  ,pien,  on  that  side. 


[ GO  ] 

廟 前 miau'  .t'sien,  before  the  temple. 
pull'  tsai'，  not  at  home. 
家 ts ai'  , cilia,        tsai',  at  home. 
塊兒 

che'  k'wai'  .er, 适 兒 che'  .hai  ,er,  here. 
>^ 內  tsai*  nei',  ^ 中 nei'  ,cliung,  among  them. 
對 面 tui(  mien', 對 過 tui'  kwo',  opposite. 
處 koh'  c'hu',  everywhere. 
邊 .can  ,pien,  on  the  soutli. 
周 圍  ,cheu  .wei,  四 面 s'i'  mien',  all  round. 
拐 'kwai  ,wan  .er,  round  a  comer. 
北 山 'peih  jshan,  nortltern  mountains. 
西 湖 ,si  .Lu,  wed  lake. 
^fe 東 走 'wang  ,tung  'tseu,  go  to  the  east. 
— "[直 yih'  .chih, 箭 tsien'  .chih,  straight. 

着 走  jau'  ,cho  'tseu,  to  go  by  a  round  about  way. 
^  ，na  ，li，  vhere  ？ 
那 裏 na'  'li, 那 兒  na'  .hai  .er,  there. 
那 一 條道 ，na  yih'  .t'iau,  tan',  which  road  ？ 

-^r—^      III     nlf^  、八 《    7】，      1  i-i  1      rt/^/i'it  /1    7i  /5  •!■，/! 


is  ^  jj^  che*  'li  .lai,  come  here. 
i]^、  ^  ，siu  jcliung,  in  the  heart 
往 前 走 'wang  .t'sien  'tseu, 


2.  Time. 

今 Q  ,chin  jih', 今 兒 ,cliin  .er,  to-day. 
明 日  .ming  jih', 明 兒 .ming  .er,  to-morron: 
昨 0  .tsoh  ji'hS 昨 兒 .tsoh  .er,  yesterday. 
今 天 jchin  jt'ien,  to-day. 
明 天 .ming  jt'ien,  to-morrow. 

後 日  heu'  jih*, 後 天 heu*  ，t'ien，  da'j  after  to-morrow 
恕今 

•ju  ，chin， 現 今 hien(  ,chiu,  now. 
,當 下 ,tang  liia'， 當 現 ,tang  hien*,  now. 

lieu'  .lai,  afterwards. 
先 要 ，'sien  yau(,  you  must  first. 

末後兒 moll'  heu*  .er, 末 後 moh'  lieu',  offer icavds;  at  last. 


[ 01  ] 

偶 然 ，ngeu  .jau,  ffl 兒 'ngeu  .er,  occasional!?/. 

尋 常 'siiin  .c'baug, 常 常 .c'hang  .c'hang,  constantly. 

正 cheng', 正 在 clicng*  tsai',  just  as;  Just  at. 

li 剛  .t'sai  ,kang,       .t'sai,  just  now. 

PI 露 ,kang  .t'sai,  ^ij 剛 ,kang  ,kang, 剛 ,kang,  just  now. 

J5^  ^  tsieu*  ,shwo',  he  then  said. 

每年   mei  .men,  every  year. 

— ' 次 .yih  t'si",  once. 

忽然  liuh*  .jan,  sudd  oil  I/. 

已 徑 ，i  ,ching,  alreadi/. 

年 c'hu*  ,nien,  last  year. 
明 年 .ming  .nien,  next  year. 
^  二  ^  .keh  ,san  ，t(ien，  after  three  days. 
正 月  , cheng  yueh',  first  month. 
冬 至 月  ,tung  chi*  yueh*,  eleventh  month. 
職 月  lah*  yueh',  twelfth  montli. 
前 半 天 .t'sien  pan'  ,t'ien,  forenoon. 
後 半 夭 heu'  pan'  ,t'ien,  afternoon. 

說 tsai  shwo'，  my  it  again. 
三 B 後再來 ,san  j'in'  heu*  ,tsai  .lai,   come  again  after 
tliree  days. 

二 月 裏 er'  yueh'  'li,  in  the  second  month. 

幾點鐘 'clii  ，tieii  ,cliung, 幾下鐘 'chi  hia'  ,chung,  what 

is  the  hour  ？ 
幾 時 'clii  .shi,  what  time  ？ 
~~ "個禮 拜 'yih  ko'  'li  pais  one  icceh. 
半個月 pan'  ko*  yueli',  half  a  month. 
— 年 yih'  .nien  pan',  a  year  and  a  half. 
二更天 er'  ,keDg  (i)  ,t'ien,  the  second  watch. 
%J  ~ -  jC'hu  .yih,  the  first  day  of  the  month, 
初 幾 'c'hu  'clii,  what  day  of  the  month  is  it  ？  (in  the  first 

decade.) 

-f-- 幾 .shih  'chi,  what  day  of  the  month  ？   (in  the  second 
decade.) 

二十幾 er(  .shih  'cbi,  do.  (in  the  3rd  decade.) 


[ 62  ] 


3.    Affirmative  and  Nerjatice  Expressions. 

有 'ycu, 有 的  'yeu  ,tih,  there  is;  there  are. 
沒有 

•Dici  yeu,  there  is  none  ；  there  are  none. 
着 ,cho,  it  is  so  ；  yes. 
有呢  'veu  'ui,  is  there  any  ？- 
是 的 Shi'  ,tih， 是  sh'i',  yes  ；  it  is  so. 
不 錯 .pull  t'soh',  it  is  not  wrong  ；  it  is  so. 
^       .pull  shi',  it  is  not  so.  * 
可以' k  0  1,  you  mail  ；  it  'will  do. 
達不多  ，c'ha  puh'  ，to,  it  differs  little. 
不 離 puh'  .li,  it  is  not  far  from  it. 
差遠  ，c'lia  'yuen,  it  is  very  different. 
狠是 

'hen  sh'i',  it  in  reri/  true. 
總 要 ，tsung  yauS  you  must. 
總 是 'tsung  slii',  it  must  be... 
就 是 tsicu'  sh'i',  it  is  Just...  or  even  of... 
纔是. t  (sai  shi、  it  is  then  correct, 
原是  .yuen  shi',  it  is  as  he/are. 
不狗  pull'  ,chu,  it  matters  not  luhich. 
不准  pull'  'cLun,  it  is  not  certain  ；  he  does  not  pennit, 

定  pull'  ting',  it  is  not  certain. 
有趣  'yeu  't'sii,  it  is  prcffi/  ；  it  is  well. 
沒趣  .inei  't'sii,  it  is  not  pretty  ；  it  is  not  icell. 
不必  puh'  .pih,  you  need  not. 
可不是  ，k'o  puh*  shi',  is  it  not  so  ？ 
不同  puh'  .t'ung,  not  the  same. 
不 通 puh*  jt'uug,  not  reasonable. 
不 行 puh'  ,hing,  it  will  not  do. 
^  ^  -puh  tui(，  it  does  not  agree. 
無 論 .wu  lun',  without  considering. 

p'ei',  ought  not  ；  not  a  match  for. 
不 敢 pull*  'kan,  not  dare. 

*  For  tho  variationa  in  tone  of 不 pu  not,  sec  appendix  I,  parngraph  15. 


[ 63  ] 

不止  pull'  'clii,  does  not  stop  ；  not  only. 
不 關 pull'  ,kwan,  it  does  not  concern. 
並不是  ping'  -pull  shi',  it  certainlu  is  not. 
不 f 董 pull'  'tung,  I  do  not  understand. 

肯 pull'  'k'en,  mt  inUing  ；  I  will  not. 
不 到 本  ，pu】i  tau'  'pen,  not  so  much  as  I  gave  for  it. 
•sui  pieu',  do  as  i/ou  please. 


4.    Conunon  Adjectives. 

大 

til',  greed,  /)、  'siau,  liitlc. 
多 ，to，  mani/, 少 'shau,  few. 
乾 ，kan,  dry, 濕 ,.sliib,  icef  ；  moist. 
淨 tsing',  clean,  ^  "sang,  (liyty. 
^  ，kaii，  high,  #  ,ti,  low. 
寛 ,k'wan,  wide, 擎 'chaih,  narrow. 
^  'jwan,  soft, 石 H  ying',  hai'd. 
Jf^  .c'liiiing,  poo、',  ^1  fu'，  ricli. 

橫 的 .hei】g  ，tih,  acrosfi  ；  ^ 的 sliu'  ,tili,  upright. 

凉 .Hang-,  cukl, 熱 i(,li'，  hot. 

'1^  k'wai',  quick, 个曼 man',  shir. 

現 成 的 hien'  .c'hcng  ,tih,  read  [/-made  ；  muhj. 

做 的 tiug'  tso'  jtili,  made  to  order. 

lieu*,  thick, 胃 .pauli,  thin. 

.t'ien,  SIC  CO  f,       ,suan,  sour. 
#  ，k'ii，  biitcr, 辣一 Ia'，  hot. 
老 ，lau，  old, 年 輕  .iiien  ,c'ln'iig,  young. 

ngo'，  InuKjnj, 飽 'pau,  satisfied. 
"^、  ^§ 的 'slieug  .t'sicn  ,tili,  cconowical. 
臂 的 fei'  .t'sien  ,tih,  wasteful  in  expend iiu re. 
好 ，hau，  good, 不 好 pull*  'liau,  had. 
四方的 si'  ,fang  ,tih,  square, 圓 .yucn,  round. 
平 常 .P'ing  .c'luuig,  commun. 
^  jhei,  black  ；  dark, 白  .pai,  uliifc. 
睹 ngan',  dark, 亮 liang',  bright. 


[ 04  ] 


生  jsheng,  raw;  strange,        .slieu,  ripe  ；  cooked. 
長  .c'hang,  kmg,        'twan,  short. 

kwei',  dear;  honourable, 賤 tsien',  chenp  ；  mean. 
深 jshen,  deep, 淺 't'.sicu,  shallow. 
冷 'leng,  cold, 緩 .nwan,  warm. 
早 'tsau,  earh/y  ^  wan',  laic. 細 si',  Jine. 
新  .sin,   new,   售 chiou',  old, 組 ，t'su，  coarse. 
^§  jSung,  loose  ；  ensi/  ；  light.  ^  'chin,  tight. 
禽 ,chen,  true, 假 'chia,  fake. 

老 實 'lau  .shih,  honest, 結 寶 .chicli  .sliih,  firm. 

謙 虛 Vhien  ,liu,  humbk, 驟 傲 ,chiau  ngau*,  proud. 

聰 萌 't'sung  .ming,  intelligent, 笨 pen',  stupid. 

便 當 pien'  ，tang， 方 便 ,fang  pien',  convenient. 

整 'cheng,  entire, 雜 爵 [ .tsa  Ian',  confused. 

利 害 li'  hai',  dangerous,  severe. 

^  chungS  heavij,  @  ,c'liing,  light. 

淸 白 jC'hing  .paih,  p!(d"'  ；  intelligible. 

難 得. nan  .teh,  rare, 容 易 -yung  i',  emy. 

好 看 'hail  k'an',  pretty. 

5.  Prepositions. 

和 .ho, 還 .hwan,  .hai  and  ；  with. 

^  .lien,  together  with. 同 .t'ung, 弁 ping',  ivith. 

到 tail',  to. 

，ta， 從 .t'sung,  from. 由 .yeu,  from  ；  by. 
替 t'i.  on  behalf  of. 代 tai',  for. 
在 tsai',  at  ；  to  be  at. 
向 hiang*,  towards  ；  to. 

根 .ken,  with  (as  a  conjunction  such,  as  and.) 
當 ,tang,  before,  as  in 當 我面前 ,tang  'wo  mien'  .t'sien, 
before  wij  face. 

tui',  towards,  in  correspondence  with. 

wei',  for;  on  account  of. 
給 ，kei，   for  ；  to  give  to.   Read  clii'，  to  give. 
因 ,yin, 因 爲 ,yin  wci',  bccaum  of. 


[ 65  ] 


6.  Postpositions, 

裡 ，li，  in,  as  in 衙 『3 裡 .ya  .men  'H,  in  the  magistrate's  office. 

"lif  .t'sien,  b^ifore,  ^  ^  'ken  .t'sien. 

中 jchung,  in,  as  in 內 中 nei'  ,cliung,  among  them. 

後 hcu',  beJiind,    門 後 .men  heu*,  behind  the  door. 

上 sliangS  wpoti,  as 身上 ,slien  shang',  on  the  person. 

下 hia*,  under,  as 手下 'sheu  hia*,  under  the  hand. 

外 

wai',  outside,  as  inf  ^ 外 .men  wai'，  out  aide  the  door. 
內 nei',  inside,  as  in  》l^、 內 ，sin  nei',  in  the  heart. 

7.    Fragmentary  Clauses  at  the  end  of  Sentences. 

就 tC  tsieu'  .wan,  and  that  will  he  sufficient. 
便 罷 pien'  pa*,  then  let  it  he  so. 

.t(sai  'hau,  it  is  then  all  well. 
續 知 -t'sai  ,chi  tau'，  and  then  you  will  know. 
不 成 puV  .c'heng,  an  interrogative  of  remonstrance. 
就 罷 tsieu'  pa*,  then  let  if  be  so. 
^       tsieu'  .chieh,  and  so  finish  the  matter. 

8.  Conjunctions. 

但 tan', 但 是 tan'  shi', 只 是 'chili  shi',  hut. 
得 閒 呢 -tell  .hien  .ni,  if  he  is  at  leisure. 

連說話 也不能 -lien  ,sliwoh  hwa'  'ye  puli'  .neng,  he 

could  not  even  apeak. 
不 好 的 人又多 Puh'  ，！ iP-u  jtih  .jen  yeu'  ，to，  and  had  men 

are  n^unerous. 

倒 不 從 前 'tau  puh*  'pi  .t'suDg  .t'sien,  yet  it  is  not  to  he 

compared  with  the  past. 
更 有 -        ,keng  'yen  yih'  'chung,  there  is  also  anoiher  sort. 

然 1 奧' 嗨也是 5S  了  ，sui  .jan  .ngau  ，hwei  ，ye  shi'  .c'h'i 

'liau,  although  yov,  should  repent,  yet  it  is  too  late. 
建 吃 帶 喝 ,lien  c'hV  tai'  ,hoh,  both  eating  and  drinking. 
若桌 處禾, 的 joli'  sH'  tsai'  puh'  'k'en  ,tih,  if  again 

you  are  not  willing. 
就 是 tsieu'  shi',  even  if;  but  even. 


[ 6G  ] 

不 獨 puh'  .tub,  not  onig  建 ,lien,  but  also  

就是做 不出來 他也必 * 

•lai  ，t'a  'ye  pih'  c'liii',  even  if  he  can  not  do  it,  he  must  still  go. 

一 面走 -"" ■ 两笑 yili'  mien'  ，tseu  yih'  mien*  ，siau,  he  both 

walked  and  smiled,  or  he  walked  on  smiling • 

還 ft 過路 渾桌 特來的 .h 丽 shi'  ,kwo  lu(  .hwan 

sli.i'  fell  .lai  ,tih,  tvhethcr  you  are  passin.g,  or  have  come 
on  purpose. 

不知" ^用了  IK 沒有 puh'  ，di'i  Mv'o  yung'  'liau  fan' 
mull  'veu,  /  do  not  know  whether  they  have  dined  or  not  ？ 

寧 死不敢  .ning  'si  puh*  'kan,  rather  die  than  dare  do  it. 

求 也 無 益 .c'hieu  'ye  .wu  .yih,  entreating  is  also  of  no  use. 

-"^ "會 兒開着 —— 會兒, 着 yih'  'hwei  .er  ,k(ai  ，choh 
yih'  'hwei  .er  ,kwan  ,choh,  for  a  moment  he  opened  it  and 
then  in  a  moment  he  closed  it. 

還 .hwan,  .han  or  .hai,  and, 還 有 ' 様 .hai  'yeu  ,yih  yang', 

and  there  is  another  thing. 

並且  ping'  ，t(sie,  and  further. 

尙且  shang*  't'sie,  and  if  further. 

也 深 也 淸 'ye  ,shen  'ye  ，t'sing，  both  deep  and  clear. 

倒 ，tau,  but, 也 'ye,  hut;  and, 說要 ★ 倒不來 ,sliwoli 
yau*  .lai  'tau  puh'  .lai,  he  said  he  'would  com'e  but  did  not. 

也 'ye,  but ;  and, 你去 也更好 ，！ li  c'hii'  'ye  ,kcng  ，！ lau, 

but  it  would  he  heftpr  for  you  to  go. 

因此  ,yin  t'si', 所 以 'so  ，i,  therefore. 

因 爲 ,yin  wei',  hecame, 爲 的 是 wei*  ,tih  slii',  because. 

教 他 chiau'  ,t'a, 要 他 yau'  ,t'a,  in  order  that  he,  or  so 

that  he  — 

怕 'k'ung  p(a'，  lest. 
倘 或 't'ang  hwoli',  if, 倘 使 'fang  ，slii,  if. 
^ 是 job'  shi',  or  yau'  sM(，  if. 
旣 然 clii'  .jan,  if  it  be  already  so ;  as  it  is  so. 

9.    Names  of  Imported  articles,  Wax,  etc. 

日本臘 

Jill'  'pen  lali',  Japan  wax. 
蘇 合 油 ,su  .lioh  .yeu,  storax. 
.贿 ,siau，  saltj)etrc. 


[ 67  ] 


黄 .hwang  lah',  yellow  bees'  tcax. 
黄 .lieu  .hwang,  sulphur. 

10.    Imports,  License,  Fepper,  etc. 

安 息 香 ,ngan  ,sih  ,liiang,  gum  benjamin. 
安 息 油 ，ngan  ,sih  .yen,  oil  of  gum  benjamin  . 

^  .fan  ,hianjT,  sandal-wood. 
由 W^ 椒 .paih  .hu  ,tsiaii,  ichitc  pepper.  . 
黑 棚 椒 .heili  .hu  ,tsiau,  black  pepjm-. 
沉 香 .c'hen  ,hiang,  garroo-tcood. 
降 香 chiang'  ,hiaug,  lakka-icood. 

1 1  •    Imported  Medicines. 
阿 ,ngo  wei(,  assafoetida. 

上 冰 片 shang'  ,ping  p'ien*,  clean  baroos  camphor. 
}ir        ,ping  p'ieu',  refuse  baroos  camphor. 
-丁 香 jting  jliiarig,  cloves. 

丁 香 'mu  ,ting  jhiang,  mother  of  cloves. 
印 度 牛 黄 Yin*  tu'  ，！ lieu  .hwang,  Indian  cow  hezoar. 
^  .er  .c'ha,  cutch,  catechu. 
鄉 臂 ,ping  .lang  'kau,  betel-nut  cake. 
棋榔 

美國參 'Mei  .liwoh  shen*,  or 西 參 ，si  shen',  American 
ginseng. 

棟淨 參鬚參 'chien  tsing*  shen*  ,su  shen',  the  ginseng  root 

denuded  of  its  hairy  appmdcifje. 
^ 香 ，]'u  jhiang,  oliban.um,  gum  renin,  or  frankincense. 
^  ^  moll*  yauh',  myrrh, 
藍 錢 花 teu'  k'eii'  jliwa,  nutmeg  flowers. 
肉果  juh'  'kwo,  or 肉 昔 juh*  teu*  k'eu',  nutmegs, 
S  S  ^  .paih  teu'  k'eu',  rose  mallows. 
木 香 muh*  ,hiang,  putchiick. 
厚 角 ,si  'chiau,  rhinoceros'  horns. 
水 銀 'shui  .yin,  quicksilver. 
洋 藥 -yaug  yauh',  opium. 


[ 68  ] 


棍榔衣  jping  .lang  ，i,  husks  of  betel-nut. 

肉植  juli'  kwei',  cinnamon. 

虎 *^  'Iiu  ,ku,  tiger's  hones. 

鹿 角 lull'  'ohiau,  deer  horns. 

血 竭 'hiueh  .chieh,  dragon's  blood  gum. 

大 板 w 子 ta'  jfeng  ，ts'i,  lucrahan  seed. 

12.  Imported  Miscellaneous  articles, 
火 石 'hwo  .shih,  flints. 

雲 毋' 穀 'yUn  'mu  'c'iiiau,  mother  of  pearl  shell, 
銅 a  4 口  .t'ling  ，nieu  k(eu'，  brass  buttons. 
漆 fl  ,c'lii  c'hi',  lacquered  ware. 
呂 采繩  'Lii  jSung  .sheng,  Manila  cordage, 

,san,  umbrellas. 
香柴  ,hiang  .c'hai,  fragrant  wood. 
外國煤 

wai'  .kwoh.  .mei,  foreign  coal. 
火滅  'hwo  .jung,  tindor. 

13.  Imported  Marine  productions, 

上 窝 shang'  yen'  ,wo,  birds'  nests,  Isf  quality. 
中 燕 简 ,cbung  yen'  ,wo,  by  ids'  nests,  2nd  quality, 
下 燕 窝 hia'  yen'  ，wo,  bvids'  nests,  3rd  quality. 
黑 海 參 jlieili  'liai  sheu',  hlaok  hicho -de-mar. 
白 海 參 .paih  'hai  sheii',  white  bicho-de-mar. 
白 魚 翅 .paih  .yli  c'hi',  white  shark s'  fins. 
黑魚翅 jlieih  .yii  o'hi',  black  sharks'  fins. 
乾魚 

,kan  .viij  or        魚 .c'hai  .yii,  stock  Jish. 
魚肚  •yii  tu'，  JUh  maws. 

魚 .liien  .yii,  salt  fish. 
魚皮 

•yii  -] .fish  skins. 
海 茶 'hai  t'sai',  agir  agar;  an  edible  fungus. 
牛 鹿 筋 .nieu  lull'  ,chin,  buffalo  and  deer  sinew  s, 
ill 段 ^  ,liia  ，nii，  dried  praiom. 
7 炎 条 tan'  t'sai',  dried  tn>issels. 

魚 皮 ,sha  .yii  .p'i,  sh  ark  d-ins. 


[ 69  ] 


14.    Imported  Dyeing  and  Colouring  materials. 

呀确米  ，ya  .Ian  'mi,  cochineal. 

大 靑 la'  jt'sing,  gambler;  a  mineral  blue. 

1^ 木 ,su  muh,  sapnn-icood. 

紫 根 'tsi'  'kcng,  sticJdac  ；  a  vegetable  medicine. 

水 青定 'sHui  tien',  iiqidd  indigo. 

魚 膠 .yu  jchiau,  isinglass. 

皮 膠 -P'i  jchiau,  glue. 

藤 黄 .t'eng  .hwang,  gamboge. 

拷 皮 'k'au  .p'i,  mangrove  bark. 

沙 1^  ,sLa  .t'eng,  rattans. 

15.    Imported  Wood. 
鳥 木 ,wu  mull',  ebony. 

重 木 chung'  mull'  .wei,  masts  and  spars;  hard  icood. 
輕木梳  jC'hing  muh'  .wei,  masts  and  spars;  soft  wood. 
重 木 梁 cliung'  muh'  .Hang,  beams  ；  hard  wood. 
重木板  chung'  mull'  'pan,  planks  ；  hard  ivood. 
輕木板  ,c'hing  muh*  'pan,  planks  ；  soft  'wood. 
麻 栗 樹 板 .ma  lib'  shu'  'pan,  teak  planks. 

木 .Lung  muh',  red-wood. 
毛 ^tjjj  .raau  sli'i*,  camagon  wood,  or  7'ough  pej'simmon. 
呀 P 躧 治 木 ，ya  .Ian  chi'  muh',  kranjee  wood. 

16,    Imported  Time  pieces.  Telescopes,  etc. 

自 P 鳥 鐘 tsi'  .ming  ,chung,  clocks. 
時 辰 表 .sbi  .c'hen  'piau,  watches. 

珠 邊 時 辰 表 ,cliu  ,pien  .sh'i  .c'hen  'piau,  watdm,  imailles 
d  perles. 

千 里 鏡 ,t'sien  ，li  ching',  telescope. 

雙眼 千里鏡 ，sliwang  'yen  ,t'sieii  ，li  chiiig',  opera  glass. 

kwa'  ching*,  hanging  mirror. 
穿 衣 ,c'hwen  ，i  ching*,  dressing  glasa. 
八 音 琴 ,pah.  ,yin  .c'hin,  musical  box. 


[ 70  ] 


17.  Imported  Cotton  Goods. 

布 疋花幔  pu(  'p'ili  ，！ iwa  man*,  cotton  and  piece  goods  printed 

and  plain. 

^ 花  .mien  ,hwa,  cotton. 

JM  ^  ^  ,yueu  'saih  pu',  gmj  shirtings. 

白色布  .paih  'saih  pu*,  white  shirtings. 

無花布 .wii  ,hwa  pu',  ； pkJn  stuffs. 

斜 紋 布 -sie  .wen  pu',  twilled  stuffs. 

有 花色布  'yeu  jliwa  'saih  pu',  figured  coloured  cottons. 

無 花色布  .wu  ,hwa  'saih  pu',  plain  coloured  cottons. 

花布  ,hwa  pu*,  fanci/  cottons. 

白提布  .paih  .t(i  pu*,  white  brocades. 

白點布 .paih  'tien  pu*,  white  spotted  shirtings. 

印花布  yin*  ,liwa  pu^  printed  cottons. 

袈裟布  cilia'  ,sha  pu*,  cambric,  ' 

洋鈔  •yaug  ,sha.  muslin.  • 

緞布 

柳條布 .neu  •t'iau  pu*,  dimities. 

色 毛 布 koli'  'saih  .mau  pu',  ginghams,  different  colours. 
麻 棉 帆 布 .ma  .mien  .fan  pu',  cotton  and  canvas  duck. 
棉 線 .mien  ,sien,  cotton  thread. 
棉 鈔 .mien  ,slia,  cotton  yarn. 
—田 麻 布 si*  .ma  pu(,  fine  linen. 
7f 且 麻 布 ，t(su  .ma  pu',  coarse  linen. 
回 狨 .hwcl  .jung,  fusdans. 
羽布  'yii  pu*,  hunting. 

18.  Imported  Silk  article  s. 

f 帕  'shell  .p'a,  handkerchiefs. 
眞金線  jchen  jcliin  sien(，  gold  thread,  real. 
假 余 線 'chia  ,chin  sien*,  gold  thread,  imitated. 
^  §良 ^  ,clion  .yiu  sien',  silver  thread,  real. 
假 銀 線 'chia  .yin  sierx' y  silver  thread,  imitated. 
^ 驟 呢 I  to  ,lo  .ai,  broad  cloth;  Sjpantsh  stripc&. 


[ 71  ] 


畔 嘴 pi'  long  ells. 

荷 蘭羽縦  .TIo  .Ian  'yii  twan*,  Dutch  camlets. 
英 國羽鈔 .Ying  .kwoh  'yu  ,slia,  English  camlets. 
^綢  'vii  .c'heu,  homhazcttcs. 
小呢  siau  .111,  cassimeres, 
滅線  -] ung  sien',  woollen  yarn. 
床 Mfe  .c'liwang  ,chan,  blankets. 
花剪絨  ,h\va  'tsien  .jung,  velveteens. 
^ 緩 'yii  .ling,  lasting 

小 观 錢 'siau  'yii  .ling,  imitation  lasting,  and  Orleans  lasting. 
剪絨  'tsieu  .jung,  velvet. 

19.    Imported  Metals. 

生 銅 jslicng  .t'ung,  unmanufactured  copper. 
熱 銅 .sheu  .t'ung,  manufactured  copper. 

鐵 ,slicng  't'ieh,  utimannfachired  iron . 
熟 ^  .sheu  't'ieh,  manufactured  iron.  -" 
錯 塊 ,c'hien  k'wai',  lead  in  pi'ffs. 
鋼 ,kang,  steel. 
§易 ,sih,  tin. 

口 鐵 'ma  ，k(eii  't'ieh,  tin  plates. 
H 本 銅 Jill'  'pen  .t'ung,  Japan  copper. 
4^ 片 jC'hien  p'ien',  lead  in  sheets. 
白 錯 .paih  jC'hien,  spelter. 
黄 釘 .hwang  .t'ung  ，ting，  brass  nails. 
商船 建載鐵 ,shang  .c'hwen  .yah  tsai*  't'ieli,  kentledge, 
^ 絲 't'ieh  ，si,  iron  tvire. 

20.    Imported  Precious  Stones,  etc, 

瑪 瑶 •ma  •'nau,  cornelians. 

瑶瑶珠 .ma  'nau  ,cbu,  cornelian  heads. 

Jf^ 塌 tai'  mai%  tortoise  shell. 

Jf^  5胃 碎 tai'  mai'  sui',  broken  tortoise  shell. 

玻 5 离片 ,po  .li  p'ien',  windoiv  glass. 

^ 糊 ,shan  .bu,  coral. 


[72  ] 


21,    Imported  Animal  Products. 

牛 負 .Tiieu  'chiau,  buffalo  horns. 

牛 jSheng  .uieu  .p'i,  raw  buffalo  hides. 

熱 牛 皮 'shell  .nieu  .p'i,  tanned  buffalo  hides. 

海 龍 皮 'hai  .lung  .p'i,  sea-otter  skin. 

大 ？ M 皮 ta'  .hu  .li  .p'i,  large  fox  skins. 

/j、 狐 皮 'siau  .liu  .li  .p'i,  small  fox  skins. 

虎 皮 'hu  .p'i,  tiger  skim. 

皮 pau'  .p'i,  kopm'd  shins. 
豸召 皮 ,tiau  .p'i,  marten  skin. 

皮 t'ah'  .p'i,  land-otter  skin. 
終 權 皮 .lauh  jliwan  .p'i,  racoon  skin, 
海騾皮  'hai 】o'  .p'i,  beaver  skin. 
灰 鼠 皮 jtwei  'shu  .p'i,  squirrel  skin. 
銀 鼠 ]^  .yin  'shu  .p'i,  ermine  skin. 
海 馬 牙 'hai  'ma  .ya,  sea-horse  teeth. 
整 象 牙 'clieng  siang'  .ya,  whole  elephants'  teeth. 
碎 象 牙 sui(  siang'  .ya,  broken  elephants'  teeth. 

t'u*  .p'i,  hare  skins. 
廃 皮 c'hi'  .p'i,  doe  skin. 
)^       >si  .p'i,  rhinoceros  skin. 
JpL       t'sui'  .man,  king-fisher  feathers. 
孔雀 $  'k'ung  't'sioh  .mau,  pmcock  feathers, 

22.    Exported  Oils,  Wax,  etc. 
白 攀 .paih  .fan,  alum. 

靑 jt'sing  .fan,  green  alum  or  copperas.  ' 

八 負 油 ,pah  'cliian  ,yeu,  annheed  oil. 

# 皮 油 kwei'  .p'i  .yeu,  cassia  oil. 

薄 荷 油 poll'  .ho  .yeu,  pcppcvmint  oil. 

^-'       .nien  .y3u,  butter. 

芝 藤 油 ,chi  .ma  .yeu,  sesamim  oil. 

桐 油 .t'ung  .yeu,  oil  of  the  dryandra  tree. 

昔 油 'teu  .yeu,  bean  oil. 


[ 73  ] 

柏油  cliieu'  ,yeu,  regetahle  tallow. 
棉油  .mien  .yeu,  cotton-seed  oil. 
萆藤油  pi'  .ma  .yeu,  oil  of  palma-ckristi: 
白躐 

•paih  lah',  bees'  wax. 
葉 .c'ha  yell*,  tea. 
八 角 ，pali  'chiau,  star  anniscecl. 
屬 香 slioh*  ,hiang,  mush. 
/\ 負 澄 ,pali  'chiau  ，clia，  broken  aniiiseed. 
時 辰 香 -shi  .c'hen  ,hiang,  incense-sticks. 

23.    Exported  Medicines. 

二 奈 ,san  nai(，  capoor  cutcheri/. 
樟腦  jchang  'nau,  camphor. 
伯 石 sin'  .sliih,  arsenic. 
桂 Jj^  kwei'  .p'i,  cassia  Ugnea. 
植 子 kwei'  ，tsi，  cassia  buds. 

土 获 荼 't'u  .fuh  .ling,  China  root  (used  for  making  biscuits.) 

.c'lieng  .c'hie,  cubebs. 
良 量 Jiang  ,chiaEg,  galangal. 
石 黄 .sliih.  .hwang,  yelloio  lead  (massicot.) 

^  ta'  .hwang,  rhuharh. 
姜 黄 ,cliiang-  .hwang,  turmeric. 

上等 高慮參 shang'  'teng  ,Kau  .li  ,slien,   best  Corean 


下 等 0J 麗 參 Ilia'  'teug  ，Kau  .li  ,slien,  inferior  Corean 
ginseng. 

上等曰 本參 shang'  'teng         ，  pen  jsheu,  best  Japanese 
fjimcncj. 

下等 日本參 hia'  'teng  Jih'  'pen  ,sheii,  inferior  Japanese 


Pl 東人參 ,Kwan  jtung  .jen  ,shen,  Manchurian  ginseng. 
嫩 鹿 耳 nen'  luh'  .jung,  young  deer  horns. 
老鹿耳 ，lau  lull*  .jung,  old  deer  horns. 
中 國牛黄 , Chung  .kwoh  .nieu  .hwang,  Chinese  cow  hezoar. 
斑 猫 ，1還 -niau,  cantharides. 


[ 74  ] 


桂枝  kwci'  jchi,  cassia  twigs. 

陳 皮 -c'licn  .p'i,  orcoiffc  peel.  ^ 皮 .cliii  .p'i. 

上 等 袖 皮 shang*  'teng  yeu'  .p'i,   superior  pumelo  peel, 

{ 橘 皮 .cliii  .p'i.) 
下 等 才由 Ilia'  'teng  yeu'  .p'i,  inferior  pumelo  peel. 
胃 葉 poll'  .bo  yell',  pejrpennint  leaf. 
廿 早 ,kan  ，t(sau,  U quo  rice. 

胃 .sliih  ,kau,  ground  gypsum  ；  plaste)'  of  Paris. 
五 t§ 子 'wu  pei'  'ts'l,  nut-galls. 
澄 jfeng  mill',  honey. 


24.    Exported  Miscellaneous  Articles. 

枣+      錦 liau'  'sheu  .cliuli,  bangles  or  glass  armlets. 
竹 器 -cliuli  c'lii(，  hamhoo  ware.. 
假 珊 糊 'cilia  ,sliaii  .hu,  false  coral. 
爆竹 pau'  .chuli,  fire-worhs  (formerly  made  of  bamboo.) 
^ 扇 'yii  shan',  feather  fans. 
')^\ 器 liau'  c'lii',  native  glass  ware. 
^\  I 朱 liau'  ，clm，  native  glass  heads. 
雨 'yii  sail',  umhreUas. 
石 .yiin  .sli'ih,  marble  slabs. 


紙 jt'ung  'clii  liwa(，  rice  paper  pictures,  (pith  paper. 


( 5M 早 jt'ung  't'sau. ) 
承氏扇 'clii  shan',  paper  fans.  - 
假 珍 珠 'cilia  jclien  ，cliu，  faUe  pearls. 
古 'ku  wan',  antiques;  curiosities;  古 董 ,ku  'tung, 
系田 扇 si'  .k'wei  shan*,  trimmed  palm  leaf  fans. 
光且 扇 .t(su  .k'wei  slian',  untrimmed palm  leaf  fans. 
iSH 它毛  loll'  t'o  .mau,  camel's  liair. 

毛 .mien  .yaiig  .mau,  wool. 
1 1 1  jshan  .yang  .mau,  goafs  ]um\ 

窘毛 jclian  sui',  felt  cuttings,  or  sui'  ,chan. 
紙 花 'clii'  jliwa,  paper  flowers4 
il       't'u  .mei,  Chinese  coal. 


[ 75  ] 


25.    Exported  Colours,  Paper,  etc. 

銅箔  .t'lmg  .poh,  brass  foil. 

丹 .hung  ,tan，  red  lead  (minium.) 
金易 3 白  ,sih  .poll,  tinfoil. 
銀 .yin  jcliu,  vermilion. 
油漆畫  •yeu  jt'sih  hwa',  oil  paintings. 
錯 粉 ，c'liien  'feu,  white  lead  (ceruse.) 
黄 丹 .liwaDg  ,tau,  yellow  lead  (massicot.) 
硃沙  ，clm  ，sha,  cinnabar. 
上 紙 shang'  'teng  'chi,  superior  papei'. 
^ 等 紙 t'si'  'teng  'chi',  inferior  pajyer. 
油紙  .yeu  'chi,  oiled  paper. 
堡 moll',  Indian  ink. 
漆 jt'sih,  2^ciint. 

梭 jtsung,  coir,  the  thready  bark  of  the  tsung  or  coir  tree. 
麻 .ma,  hemp. 

早 jteng  ，t(sau，  lamp  wicks. 
緑 膠 111'  jcliiau,  green  dye. 

廣 東 索 'Kwang  jtung  soh',  Canton  twine  hemp, 
蘇 州 索 ，Su  ,clieu  soli*,  Siicheu  twine  hemp. 
漆 緑 jt'sih  111',  green  paint. 
嘱 穀 li(  c'hiauS  oyster  shells. 

lii*  .p'i,  green  leather. 
i  f 定 't'u  tien',  dnj  indigo. 

沙 jk'eng  ,sha,  manure  calces  ov  2)oudrette, 

2G.    Various  Exported  Ware, 

牛骨器  .nieu  ,ku  c'hi',  hnffalo  hone  imre. 
牛 負 器 .nieu  'chiau  c'hi*,  buffalo  horn  icare, 
細磁器 si*  .t'si  c'hiS  fine  China  leave. 
龃磁器  ,t'su  .i'&i  c'hiS  coarse  China  toare. 
白 銅 器 .paih  .t'ung  c'hi',  jmcter  tvare. 
紅銅器  .hung  .t'ung  c'hi',  copper  ware. 
木 器 mull'  c'lii',  wood  ware. 


[ 76  ] 

象牙器  siang'  .5^a  c(lii(，  iconj  icare. 
漆  器 .c'hili  c'hi',  lacquered  ware. 

露# 穀器  .yiin  'mu  c'hiau'  c'lii',  mother  of  pearl  ivare. 

^  .t'erig  c'hi',  rattan  ivare. 
植 香 器 .fan  ，！ liang  c(hi'，  sandal- icood  -ware. 
金 ^  jCliin  c'M(，  gold  ware. 
銀器  ,yia  c'hi',  silver  ware. 
Jft  J 震 器 tai'  mai'  c'hi',  tortoise-shell  ware. 
皮箱  .p'i  jsiang,  leather  h' mil's. 
皮攢  .p'i  kangS  leather  boxes  for  holding  silver. 
皮器  •p'i  c'hiS  leather  articles. 

貨 .van  ho',  earthen  ware  pottery. 
黄銅器 

.hwang  .t'ung  c'hi',  brass  ware. 

.t'ung  .nieu  k'eu',  brass  buttons. 
銅絲  •t《ung  ,si,  brass  wire. 
生銅  ,slieng  .t'ung,  copper  ore. 
舊 銅 chieu'  .t'ung  p'ien',  old  sheathing  copper. 

27.    Exported  Wood. 

竹竿  .chuh  ,kan，  J)aniboo  poles. 

肉 .t'eng  jeu',  split  rattans. 

f 春 tIc 舟" 柱 jCliwaiig  .Hang  .t'o  clm(，  piks,  beams,  cross-beams 
coul  pillars. 

子 -t'eng  .jang  'tsi,  rattam  stripped  of  hark. 

28.    Exported  Clothing. 

布衣服  pu'  ，i  .full,  cotton  clofJiing. 
綢衣服  .c'lieu  ,i  ,fuli,  silk  clothing. 

皮 靴緞靴  •p'i  ,hiue  twan'  ,liiuo,  leather  and  satin  boots. 
虔 鞋緞鞋  •p'i  -liie  twan'  .liiai,  leather  and  satin  shoes. 
草鞋  ，t《saii  .hie,  straw  shoes. 
巾, .c^lieu  mauS  silk  caps. 
g  .chan  mauS  felt  caps. 
早 帽 't'sau  mau'  ,picn,  straw  hat  braid. 


[ 77  ] 


29.    Natire  Linen  and  Cotton  Mannfaclurcs. 

細 s 布 

si'  Ilia'  pu'，  fine  grass  cloth. 
組夏布  jt'su  Ilia'  p'u,  coarse  grass  cloth, 
土布  't'u  pu'，  mtii'c  cotton  cloth. 

chieu'  .mien  sii(，  old  cotton  rags. 
綿被胎  .mien  pei(  ,t'ai,  palnmpore  or  cotton  bed  quilts. 

30.    Exported  Silk  Manufactures.  、 

棉 

化 .mien  ,liwa,  raw  cotton. 
湖 -hu  ，si,  JIu-cheu  silk. 
土絲' t  'u  ，s'i，  silk  produced  in  the  nciglihourhood. 
絲 經 ，si  ,chmg,  thrown  sill-. 
野 鐘 絲 'ye  .t'san  ,si,  wild  raw  silk. 
絲 tai',  silk  rihbonfi. 

欄 杆桂帶  .Ian  ，kaii  kwci^   tai^,   silk   sashes  with  cassia 
flower  pattern. 

繇' 線  ,si'  sien',  silk  thread, 

系 周 .c'licu,  jwngecs. 

jjtM  twan',  S((tin. 

媚 cliiuen',  hiteUr'oig. 

纖 紗 clieu'  jSlia,  crape. 

.ling,  dammk  silk. 
羅 lo,  laic,  a  lind  of  silk  striped  across  icilh  fioicers. 
剪械  'tsien  .jiing,  velvet. 
m 货 sieu'  h、vo'，  eiiibroidered  ;/oods. 

系帛 雑 货 ，s'i  .mieu  .tsali  liwo',  sUk  and  cotton  mixtures. 
四 川 黄 系系  Sr  jC'Imeu  .liwang  ,si,  Sze-chuen  yellow  silk. 
同功絲  -t'uiig  ,kung  ,si,  silk  reeled  from  dupiom. 
山 東 il^ 綱 ,Slian  ,tuiig  'cliicn  .Q'\ie\i,Shaii-ti(>ig  sil/c piece  goock. 
糸韋 線 ，wei  sien',  tassels. 

各"^ 滅 kol 丄' 'sheng  .jung,  floss  fro  in  various  jjrovinces. 

廣 東 滅 'Ivwang  ，tung  .jm】g,  Canton  fioss. 

IS 麵 ."sau  'cliion,  cocoons. 

窗 L 絲 頭 Ivvan'  ,si  .t'eu,  rofuHe  siU" 


[ 78  ] 

各 檨席子 

koli'  yang'  .sih  'tsi,  mattiiirj, 
^Mll 席 ti'  .sih,  mats. 
皮毯  •p'i  't'an,  skin  nigs. 

越 ,clian  '"fan,  druggets  and  carpets. 


31.    Exported  Articles  of  Food,  etc. 

蜜 錢 糖 菜 mill'  chien'  .t'ang  'kwo,  comfits  and  stccaimeats, 
醫 油 tsiang'  .3 观, soj/. 
白 $唐 .paili  .t'ang,  white  sugar. 
jC'h'ih.  .t'ang,  hroicn  sugar. 

糖 J  ping  .t'ang,  sugar  candy. 
■ 黄 姻 .liwang  ,yen,  tobacco. 
鼻 姻 -pih.  ,yen,  muff. 
$因 ^  ,yeu  ,si,  prepared  tobacco  in  threads. 
姻 葉 ,yen  yeli',  tobacco  in  leaf. 
中 國鼻姻 , Chung  .kwoh  .pih  ,yen,  Chinese  snitjf. 
大 頭 茶 ta'  .t'eu  t'sai',  salted  turnips. 
粉 絲 'fen  ，si，  rennicelli  ('feu  ,ser.) 
、酒 'chieu,  sfonshoo. 
海 'hai  t'sai',  seaweed. 
火 腿 'liwo  ，t(ui，  hams. 
0^ 雞 .liien  jclii  tan',  salted  fowl  eggs. 

蛋 pieu'  tan',  preserved  duck  eggs  (also 松 花)， 
'Ian  .jen,  olice  need  ('Ian  ,jer.) 
if 敢 'kan  'Ian,  oUres. 
杏 仁 hing'  .jen,  apricot  seeds  or  almonds. 
香 Ml  ，hiai]g  hin',  rMishrooms. 
金 針 茶 ,cliin  jclien  t-sai',  dried  lily  flowers, 
木 mull-  .er，  wood  m.i'. 
鞋 圓 Ivwci'  .yueu,  lung  ngan,  a  fruit, 
棍 圓 肉 kwei'  .yuen  jeuli(，  lung  ngan,  'without  tJte  stone. 
^        li'  ,cli'i,  lichee,  a  fruit. 
：蓮 子 .lien  ，ts'i,  lotus  nuts. 
芝 麻  jclii  .ma,  scsam um  seed. 


[ 79  ] 

藩花生 loh'  ,liwa  ,slieng,  oi' 長生果 .c'hang  ,slieng  'kwo, 


花 生 餅 ，ln、'a  ,shenG:  'ping,  fjyound-nut  cake. 
藍 tcuS  h':'m!s; 黑 藍 jheih  teu'，  black  beam. 
藍 餅 ten'  'piug,  bean  cake. 

术 麥雑糧 'mi  mail?  .tsah  .liang,  rice,  wheat  and  other  cereak: 
頭 swan'  .t'ou,  onions. 
子 lili'  'tsi,  chestnuts. 
^  jheih  'tsau,  hlach  dates. 
紅 康 .hung  'tsau,  red  doAes. 

32.    Common  Utensils. 

刀 t'sai'  ,taii>  chopping  hiife, 

麵 ^jtf  mien*  chang'j  paste  roller,  or  ,kan  mien'  kwun*,  dicli  for 
Intead'nig. 

.t'iau  'sau  or  .t'iau  'sliu,  straw  brush. 
担 子 'tan  'tsi,  h'mh  made  of  (,clii  .man)  fowl  feathers. 
^ij 子 jsliwah.  ，ts'i，  hvmh  of  p'ig  bristles  (,cliu  .mau)  or  goafs 

hair  (,shan  .yang  .mau.) 
鍋 ，kwo，  iro)i  coolxing  pan;  ，！ cavo  'ping,  hreacl  cakes  baked  iit  a  pan. 
飯 ^0  fan'  .sliau,  rice  spoon;  ，ta  ,kwo  'li  .yau  ,c'huh  fan'  .lai, 

fake  rice  out  of  the  pan. 
^ 子 't'san  'tsi,  iron  ladle;  't'ieh.  tso(  ，tili，  made  of  iron. 
碟 子 .tieh.  ，ts—i，  plate ;  ,yih.  p'eng'  tsieu'  p'o'，  with  one  blow 

it  is  broken. 
碗 'wan,  cup ;  basin  ；  fan*  Van,  rice  howl. 
^  ^  ，fu  'tsi,  axe  or  hatchet;  ^ 紫 p'ih  .c'liai,  to  chop  wood. 
面 板 mien'  'pan,  hieadiug  hoard. 

火 爐 'hwo  .lu，  stove; 生 ,slieng  ，！ iwo  .lu,  light  the  stove. 
鍵 .t'sui,  mallet;  .tsa  jtung  ，si  ,tih,  for  beating  things. 
^ 子 ，ting  'tsi,  nails;  .lang  .t'eu,  hammer. 
雜 chii',  saw;  chn'  muh'  .t'eu  yung*  ,tih, 雷 d  for  sawing  wood. 
^ 子 .p'en  'tsi,  dish;  basin;  'k'o  ，i  'si  'lien,  for  washing  the  face. 
瓶 子 .p'ing  'tsi,  hottic;  jar;  .c'heng  .yeu,  to  contain  oil. 
厨 t' 匿 .c'liu  kweiS  kitchen  cupboard;  .e'heug  .tieh  ，tsi  'wan,  to 
jmt  au-ny  2^Iates  and  basins. 


[ 80  ] 


slmi  .hu,  keitle;  ,sliau  ,k'ai  'sliui,  io  boil  ivater. 
'sliui  jshau,  bucket;  ,t'iau  'shui,  to  carry  water. 
，&  san'，  umbrella;  'tang  ，ii  yung'  ,tih,  used  to  ward  off  rain. 
•c'lia  .liu,  tm-jpot.         3C 子 jC'ha  'tsi,  fork. 
.c'Lia  'wan,  tea-cup.      調 囊 .t'iau  ,keng,  spoon. 

33.     Vefjefahles  and  Fruits. 

白茱  •paih  t'sai',  cabbage.  萄 .p'u  .t'au,  grapes. 

裹 ，tsaii，  dates.  神 子 shi'  'tsi,  perwnmon. 

芥茱  tie'  t(sai'，  mustard.      花 紅 ,hwa  .hung,  small  apples. 

芥 * 

kie'  mo',  ground  do.    無 花 果 .wu  ,li\va  ，kwo，  fig. 
廿 庶 kan'  ，clie，  sugar  cane. 李 ，li，  plums. 
栗子  lih'  'tsi,  chestnut. 

生 菜 ,slieng  t'sai'，  lettuce.      平 果 .p'ing  'kwo,  (q)jpks. 

蔬茱  'chieu  t'sai',  scaUiom.     梨 .li，  pears. 

靠茱 

,po  t'sai'，  winter  coarse  (jreens. 杏 兒 liing*  .er,  apricots. 
斤 茶 .c'hin  t'sai,  parslci/.       核 桃 ,hoh  .t(au,  walnuts. 

^  .yuen  ，sui，  caraway.      ； ,t'au,  ■peach. 
^§  ^  .lo  peili',  turnips;  .hung  .lo  peih',  carrots. 
~^、  ,t'sung,  onions;  ,t'sung  .t'eu,  onion  hulbs. 
3^  swan',  garlic ; 氣 1^ 不好 c'hi'  wei'  puli'  'hau,  unplea- 

s_:,  odour.  '  [potatoes. 

山 樂 jslian  yauhS  Chinese  yam ;  ,siian  .yau  .t'eu,  English 
豆 角 teu'  'cliiauii,  bean  pods. 
香椿  jliiang  ，c'lmn，  edible  leaves  of  the  c'Jiun  tree. 

苦 ^  'k'u  t'sai',  sow  thistle, 大 翁 Ij  ta'  clii',  thistle^  /J、 裹 $ 
'siau  ki'，  small  thistle. 

蓮茱 

•p'u  t'saiS  spinach;  t'sui',  crispi 
耒禹 'ngeu,  lotus  roots ; 荷. 花 .ho  ,bwa,  lotm, 
黄 JB. 芽 .hwang  teu'  .ya,  yellow  hean  sprotiis. 
緑豆芽 luh*  teu'  t'sai',  green  bean  sprouts. 
西 瓜 ，si  ,kwa,  water  melon ; 莉 .hu  .lu,  gourd. 
王 jffit  .wang  )k\va,  or  .hwang  ,kwa,  cucumber. 
冬 瓜 ，tung  ,kwa, 傻 瓜 ，、vo  ，kwa，  pumpkin. 
南 瓜  .nan  ,kwa,  or 番 .fan  ,kwa,  flat  yellow  pmnjykin; 


壺管 傘壺碗 

水水 雨茶茶 


[ 81  ] 


34.    Domestic  Animals. 
雞  ，clii，  fowl ;  雞叫 

jclii  cliiau',  coch-crow. 
維 .niau,  cat; 拿 老 鼠 .na  'lau  ，sliu，  catch  mice. 
狗 ，keu，  dog; 看 ^  k'an'  ,cliia,  watch  the  house. 
猪  ,chu,  pig ;        猪 wei'  ,cliu,  feed  pUjs. 
馬 'ma,  horse; 備 )^  pci'  'ma,  saddle  a  horse. 
牛 

.nicu,  cow  ； 耕 地 jcliing  ii',  plough  the  ground. 

羊  .yang,  sheep ；'^ 羊 fang'  .yang,  let  out  sheep  to  graze. 

子 .lu  'tsi,  or  .lii，  ass  ；  ，c(liieii  c'liii'  ting*  'chang,  take  him 
to  be  shod. 

驟 子 lo'  'tsi,  nmlc;  pa*  ,t'a  t'au'  sliang(，  _ ^？" 《 him  in  harness. 
鴨 ，yali，  duel: ； 鴨 蛋 ,yah  tan',  duck  eggs. 
.11  go,  goose;       毛 .ngo  .mau,  goose  quills. 

35.  Birds. 

子 yen'  'tsi,  swallow  or  martin. 
天 我蓦 ，t'ien  .ngo,  sican. 
書 Mi  liwa'  .mei，  white-eyed  thrush. 
野鷄 'ye  ,chi,  common  pheasant. 
>^ 凰 feng'  .hwang,  phcenix. 
班鳩  ,pan  jcliieu,  ； pig  eon. 
鶴 纏 ,ngan  ,c'liun,  quail. 
八 Ifi 島 ,pah  ,ko,  raven. 

^  'lau  ,kwa,  (read  ,ya,)  ringed  raven. 

,ying,  haick. 
龍 1^  ,fei  t'sui',  variegated  Jcing-fisher. 
言 禱 -paih  .ling,  singing  larh. 
喜 B$  'hi  'c'liiiieh,  magpie.  . 
SI 哥 .ying  ，ko， 声 roL 

雀 'k'ung  'c'hiileh,  peacock. 
鴻 子 >koh  'tsi,  dove. 
® 鴨 'ye  ,yah,  drake. 
驚 驚 >yuen  ,yang,  mandarin  duck. 
魚 属 .u  ，ying，  fish-hawk. 


[ 82  ] 

杜 鶴 tu(  ,c'liiuen,  goatsucke)'. 

大 簾 ta*  yen',  icild  goose. 

火 雞 'hwo  ,clii,  turkey. 

仙鶴  .sien  .hauh,  crane. 

家 雀 ,chia  Vhiiieh,  house  sparrow. 

鶴 ,sha  ,chi,  grouse. 
扁嘴  ，pien  'tsui,  broad-billed; 尖 嘴 ,tsieii  ，tsui，  sharp-billed. 
^ 把 老 長 'i  ,pa  'lau  .c'hang,  long  tailed. 
翅 榜 子 大 Chi*  'pang  'tsi  ta(，  its  icings  are  large. 
掌 不 分 総 'chang  puh'  ,fen  lieu',  u-eb-footcd. 
紅 H 索 兒 .hung  .poh  .er,  red  necked. 

上 shu*  sliang',  on  tnes;  打 竊 ，ta  ,wo,  make  their  nest. 

36.  Fishes. 

目魚  'pi  muh*  .u,  sole. 
沙 魚 ,sha  .ii,  shark. 
金 魚 ,cliin  .ii,  gold  fish. 
白 歸 .paih  shan',  ivhite  eel. 
黄 據 .hwang  shan',  yellow  eel. 
^Ip 魚 'chi  .ii,  bream. 
鍵 魚 ，]i  .ii，  carj). 
唐占 魚 .nien  .ii,  silure. 

MS 魚 'ti  .ii,  mackerel.  • 

^  ^ 網 ，ta  .u  'wang,  fishing  net. 

$5/  #>  1^  tiau'  .ii  ,'kea,fish  hook. 

玻 稱 魚 赶 ,po  .li  .ii  ,kang,  glass  globe  for  gold  fish. 

金魚池 ,clnn  .ii  .c'hi,  pond  for  goldfish. 

Wf-  M,  ,sien  .u,  fresh  fish. 

誠 魚 .hien  .ii,  salt  fish. 

37.    Cart  Furniture,  etc. 

.wei  'ts'i,  cloth  covering  of  a  cart. 
子 jC'he  .lien  'tsi,  cart  blind . 

jC'he  .lun,  cart  wheels.  ' 
子 ,c'he  chang'  'tsi,  sun  awning  in  front. 


園 車車車 


[ 83  ] 


車 尾 ,c'be  ，wei,  projecting  wood  hehind  a  cart. 

車轅子  jC'lie  .yuen  'tsi,  the  shafts  of  a  cart. 

鈎 4i、  'keu  ,sin，  the  part  that  connects  the  cart  with  the  toheeh. 

車箱子  ,c*he  jsiang  'tsi,  inside  of  a  cart- 

寵 頭 .lung  .t'eu,  horse  collar. 

跨轅  k'wa*  .yuen,  to  sit  on  the  shaft. 

起 車 'kan  ,c'lie,  to  drive  a  cart. 

騾 子拉車  lo'  'tsi  ,1a  ,c'he,  mules  draiv  the  cart, 

開 車 ，k'ai  jC'lie,  to  set  a  cart  in  motion. 

架賴' 驟子 chia'  .yuen  lo'  'tsi,  the  shaft  mule. 

3^ 套 ，pien  t'au'，  the  side  muk,  or  leading  mule. 

馬 鞭 子 'ma  pien'  'tsi,  whip, 

套 車 t'au'  jC'he,  to  harness  a  cart. 

車 軸 >c'he  .cheuh,  axle  tree. 

38.    Words  used  in  Building, 

砌墙  c'hi  .t'siang,  to  build  a  wall, 
mo'  ,ni,  to  plaster  with  mud. 
磨 刀 .ma  ,tau,  hewp. 

方 f 専 jfang  ,chwen,  square  bricks;  'lei  ,cliwen,  build  up  bricks. 
白 灰 .paih  jhwei,  lime;  ,shwah,  to  brush. 
靑 灰 jt'sing  jliwei,  blue  Ime  ；  a  dark  clay  used  to  make  a  blue 
cement. 

泥 土  ,ni  ，t(u，  mud;  mortar  ；  tso(  sliang'  .ni,  put  on  mortar. 
才毚 草 'c'han  't'sau,  to  mix  straw, 

石 頭 .shih  .t'eu,  stone;  man'  .shih  .t(eu,  i)lace  stones  (as  a 
pavement.) 

木頭 mull'  .t'eu,  wood ; 梁 shaiig*  .Hang,  place  beams, 

3£  'wa,  tiles; 按 上 ,ngan  shang'  'wa,  put  on  tiles. 

^  ,p'i,  large  earth-hricks ; 晶 'lei  ,p'i,  to  pile  mud  bricks.. 

奪 子 .wei  'tsi,  reeds;  ,chiah  .li  ,pa,  to  make  a  hedge. 

油 '漆 .yeu  jC'hih,  2)aint;  shang'  ,c*hih,  to  paint.. 

隔 斷 ,chieli  twan*,  a  partition. 

上 油 sliang'  .yeu,  to  varnish. 


[ 84  ] 


89.  Liquids. 

酒 ，tsieu，  wim ；  samshoo;  ^[  jClien  'tsieu,  i^our  out  ivine. 

酉日 t'su',  vinecjar; 打 ，ta  t'su',  buy  vinegar. 

ydJ  ,yeu,  oil ;  yih'  ,cliin,  .yeu,  a  catty  of  oil. 

■ 油 jtsiang  ,yeu,  soy ;  ,koh  shang'  .yeu,  put  some  say  in  it. 

*^  ^5  .nieu  ，nai，  cote's  milk. 

黄 酒 .liwang  'tsieu,  brown  samshoo,  made  of  coarse  rice. 

40.  Clothing. 

乎包 .p'au  'tsi,  hi>g  robe  with  waist-hand. 

榮帛 f 凑 ，！ nien  'ngau,  icadded  gown  without  u'aist-lxmd. 

7^  ^  'k'an  jcliien,  waist-coat. 

1^  .mien  k*u'  ，ts'i，  wadded  trousers;  ^  t'au'  k'u*,  leggings. 
大 ta'  kwa',  hug  sununer  robe. 

馬 鞋 'ma  kwa',  jacket  ； 穿 上 ,c'hwen  shang',  to  put  it  on. 
中' 眞 子 mau'  'tsi,  cap; 帶 上 tai'  shaiig',  to  jmt  it  on. 

鞋 

.hie,  shoes;         twan'  .hie,  satin  shoes. 
勒匕 ,liiue,  hoots; 後 底 子 lieu'  ，ti  'tsi,  thich-sokd. 
權 子 wall*  'tsi,  stockings; 單 ,tan  wall'  'tsi,  single  faced  stockings. 
V'f*       lian'  jslian,  shirt. 
>/j、  |±[v  ',siau  kwa',  half  summer  robe. 

,yau  tai',  girdle;  waist  band. 
"jfW 子 k'eu'  'tsi,  button;  'nieu  'tsi,  button. 
領 子 'ling  'tsi,  collar. 

41.  Sickness. 

不 爽 快 pull'  'shwang  kSvai',  not  in  good  spirits. 
不舒服 pull'  ,sliu  'full,  not  well. 

袋 ？ PS  'uau  tai'  .t'eng,  head-ache. 
發 '燒 ，fah  ,shau,  fei-erish. 

癒 .fall  yauh'  'tsi,  ague. 
肚 腹不好 tu'  ,fuli  pull'  'hau,  stomach  out  of  order. 
長 瘡 'chang  jC'hwang,  i!o  have  ulcers. 


[ 85  ] 


發 昏 ,fali  ,hwun,  to  faint. 

瘤子 jcuh'  .lieu  'tsi,  wen. 
攀 疯 ，t'aii  ,feng,  ，"/.sy/. 

man. 

發眼  ,fah  'yen,  inflamed  eijes, 

炎 瘡 'cliieu  jC'hwang,  to  foment. 

4j、  WL  ，sin  t'iaM',  pnZpi 滅 on  of  the  heart. 

黄 症 -hwang  cheng',  jaundice. 

消 化不動 

jsiau  hwa'  puh'  tung',  indigestion. 
發 fl^ 心 ，fah  jUgeu  ，sin，  tendency  to  vomit. 

42.    Boat  Fnrnituve,  etc, 

風篷  ,feng  .p'eng,  a  sail. 

運糧船  yiin'  .Hang  .c'hwen,  grain  junk. 

船 chaii'  .c'hwen,  tear  junk. 
•[hI 渡  'pai  tu(，  to  fori/  over. 
隨 船 .yen  .c'h\yen,  salt  boat. 

%M  jt'sang,  cabin;  hold;  liia'  ,t'sang,  put  down  in  the  cabin. 
鶴 板 jt'sang  'pan,  deck  planks. 
船 械 .c'hwen  .wei,  mast. 

信 旅 ,feng  sin'  .c'hi,  a  streamer. 
寺危 ）J^  .wci  ,teng,  mast  lanthorn. 
t'iau'  'pan,  shore  phuk. 

軍 ^£  jtsiang  ,cliiun  chu',  posts  on  which  ropes  are  ivound. 
舟它 to',  rudder; 搬 舟它 ,pan  to',  steer  to  the  right. 
梳 .wei,  mad; 椎 舟 J  ，t'ui  to',  steer  to  the  left. 

.wei  ，ku，  )nad  hoops. 
jl^        ,fcug  .hwan  】''i'，  ring  for  tacMing. 
^ 號 ，ta  liau',  sing  ill  (J. 
T 貢 風 'tiug  ,feDg,  confrarij  icind. 
掉 掉 tsau'  tsau',  to  roic. 

，hi  -】） 'eng,  i'aise  the  sail. 
船 ；!; 旱 .c'hwen  'kq,n,  path  on  side  of  boat. 

梯 jt'sang  ,t'i,  hatch  way  stairs. 


[ 86  ] 


瞽船  'kwan  .c'hwen,  .ri,  chief  hoat-man.  ■ 
弄船  neng'  .c'hwen,  to  work  the  boat. 
摴船 

jt'seng  .c'hwen,  the  boat  men. 
^  7^  fan'  .sheng,  towing  rope. 
^  1^  jkwan  ，t'sang，  f 難 t  cabin, 
火 'hwo  jt'sang,  cooking  cahin. 

你們. 的船快 像燕子 似的， ni  .men  ,tih  .c'hwen 

k'wai'  siang'  yen'  ,tsi  si'  ，tih，  youv  boat  is  swift  as  a  swallow. 

夥計 都睡着  'hwo  ,chi  ,tu  sliui'  .chau,  the  boat-men  are  all 
asleep. 

43.    Furniture  of  a  House. 

桌子  ,choh  'tsi,  table ; 方 ,fang  ,choh,  square  table. 
椅子  ，i  'tsi,  chair; 圈 ,c'hiuen  ，i，  round  arm-chair, 
子  wuh*  ，tsi，  stool;  yiieh^  liang^  ,clioh,  round  table, 
板橙  pan  ,teng,  long  stool;  bench ;  er'  .jen  ,teng,  a  stool  for  two. 
櫃 

kwei'，  cuphoard;  丁貢 箱 'ting  ,siaDg  kwei',  chest  on  the  top 
of  a  cuphoard. 

箱子  jsiang  'tsx,  chest ;  .p'i  ,siang,  leather  f runic. 

被几  ，pei(  ，clii，  a  long  table  on  which  bedding  is  piled. 

茶几 

.c'ha  ,chi,  tea  table. 

条案 

•t'iau  ngan(,  long  high  table;  ,sliu  ngan*,  table  for  hoolis. 
盆架  .p'en  chia',  basin  stand. 

^* 架 jsliu  cilia',  hook-case;  ,koh  ,sh.u       for  placing  books, 
mm  .c'hu  kwei',  kitchen  cuphoard. 

才目 .liing  jsiang,  baggage  trunk, 茶 箱 ，c'lia  ，siang'，  tea  chest. 
花瓶 jliwa  .p'ing,  flower  Jar. 花盆 ,liwa  .p'en,  flower  ^jot. 
^  O  cliiug'  .t(ai，  mirror  stand. 

mau'  ching',  looking  fjlass. 

h'iV'd',  j)ictHre ;  tsdV  ,t'siang  shaiig'  kwa'  ,choh,  /tiing  on  the  wall. 
對字 

tui'  'tsi,  Jianging  sentences  in  pairs. 

脚 踏 'chiau  .ta，  foot-'Sfool,  or  .ta  'chiau  'tong,  the  same. 

書 才目 ,shu  jsiang,  book  box. 

書 .tuh  ,shu  .p'an,  a  traij  for  pencils,  inkdonc,  etc. 

木 瓜 盤 mull'  ,kwa  .p(an，  a  tray  on  which  is  placed  a  fra- 
grant melon. 


[ 87  ] 


菌 架 mail*  chia',  hat  stand.  \_fioicers. 
)fiL  kwa'  .p'ing,  a  hanging  jar ;  ，k(o  ，i  ,c'ha  ,hwar,  for  holding 
飯 桌 fan'  jclioh,  dining  table. 

.c'hwang,  bedstead. 
燈 jteng,  lamp;  kwa'  ,tcng,  hanging  lanthorn. 

44.    Insects,  Heptiles,  etc. 

螞蟻  .ma  ，i，  ant ;  Ian'  .p(a，  crawling  in  disorder. 

臭 虫 c'heu'  .c'hung,  bug ;  'yau  .jen，  they  Mte  people. 

蜜 蜂 mill'  jfeng,  homy  bee;  mih'  ,feng  ,wo，  bee- hive. 

^ 魚 tuli*  .ii,  book  u-orm;  ,c'liih  ，sliu,  eat  books. 

, 蝶 'hu  ，t'ieli，  hutterjli/  (read  .tie)  ；  ，t'o  c'hiau',  leaves  his  shelL 

蝶 4^  .wu  ,kimg,  centipede ;  'yau  .jen  'yeu  .tuh,  the]/  hate  " 
pokonom  bite. 

她 ^  yeu'  .yen,  cenUjmk  tdth  angular  legs. 

園 .t'san  'cliien,  chrysalis  of  the  silk  ivorm. 

.c'han,  or 虫貢 |1  f 留 ,cliih  .lieti,  cicada  or  broad  locust. 
鍵蜂  ,sih  shwai*,  or 么' 曲 她 'c'hii  'c'hii,  cricket. 

王 馬 tsau'  .wang  'ma,  hearth  cricket. 

jC'hieu  'yin,  or  | 曲 'c'hii  shan',  earth  worm. 
螢火虫  •yung  'hwo  .c'hnn^,  fire- fly . 
狗 备 'keu  tsau',  flea;  liwei*  peng',  they  can  Jump. 
蒼 繩 ,t'sang  ,ying,  house  fly. 

.ma  'clia, 黄 虫 .hwaiig  .c'hung,  migvatory  locust. 

子 ,si  ，tsi'，  louse. 
土 狗 ，t'u  'keu,  mole  cricket. 

蚊子  .wen  ，ts'i，  mosquito;  帳  .■U'en  chang*,  mosquito  curtain. 
子 jhieh  'tsi',  scorpion  ；  .na  ，i  ,pa  ，clioh  ijen,  they  sting  with 
their  tails. 
.t'san,  silk-Korm;  't'u  ,si,  produce  silk. 
螺 M  .lo  ，si,  siiiml  shell; 海 螺 ，  hai  .lo,  long  musical  shell, 

jcliu  ,chu,  field  spider, 
-ft. 穀 蟲 'wu  ,kuh  .c'hung,  n-ecvil,  corn-eater. 
螺募. lia  ,ina,  toad. 
白 锡 -paih  .Her  (.ling  .er,)  sand-fly. 


[ 88  ] 


45.    Common  Verbs. 


Abolish,  4*  Chu', 廢 fci'. 
Accept, 收 納 ,sheu  nali'. 
Add, 力口  ,clna. 
Affect, 感 動 'kan  tung(. 
Amputate, 刺下 -la  Lia'. 
Ascend, 上 slmng'. ―  一 
Ask, 問 wen' ，要 yau'J 禽， t'siug. 
Avoid,  免 mien', 避 pi'. 
Baptize,  Wipe  ，sh'i  ，si. 
Bathe, 洗 燥 'si  'tsau. 
Beat,  ^  ，ta.  _ 
Beat  clothes,  ,sliwai. 
Begin  work, 動 工 tung'  ,kung. 
Believe, 信 £n'， 信 服 sin' 

.fuh,  M 信 ,siang  sin'. 
Bend, 脅 ,wan. 
Besiege, 園 困 .wei  k'wim'. 
Bind, 綑绑 'kwun  'paug. 
Boil, 煮 'cliu. 

Bolt,  \k  'sliwan.  [-bu. 
Burn  in  cooking, 妙 胡 'c'hau 
Bury, 埋 葬 .mai  tsafig*. 
Buy, 買 'mai. 
Calculate, 算 svrau(. 
Call, 招 ^  ,cbau  ,1m. 
Call  out, 讓 .jang. 
Can, 能 .neiig, 得 -teh. 
Carry,        tai',  ,pau. 
Cease, 停. t'ing, 止 住， cl"  cliu'. 
Choose, 棟 選 'chien  'siiien. 
Comply, 仿從， i  -t'siing. 
Condemn, 定 罪 ting'  tsui', 


Confess, 認 罪 jen'  tsui*. 
Congratulate, 恭 喜 'kung  'hi. 
Connect,       續 ,tsieh  sii 
Conquer, 得 勝 .teh  sheng'. 
Cough, 咳 嗽 .k'o  sou'. 
Cover, 蓋 上 kai'  sliang'. 
Covet, 貪 ，t(ar" 
Crack,  ^  ^^  lieli'  ，k'ai. 
Crush, 壓 壤 yali'  hwai'. 
Cry, 呌 cliinu',  Pj^  han'. 
Cure, 、冶 好 chi'  'hau. 
Cut,       .la,  u  iih  scizzors,  'ehiau. 
Decide, 定 規 ting'  ,kwei. 
Delay,  #  ^  ,tan  .koh. 
Deliberate, 翁 酌 ，clien  ,clioh. 
Depend  on ，倚賴 lai'. 
Descend,   降下來 Chiang' 

ilia*  .lai. 
Desire, 顾 yuen'. 
Desist, 止 住 'chi  chu'. 
Despair, 絶 望 -tsiueh  wang'. 
Destroy, 毁 壤 'hwei  hwai'; 
Detain,  ^ 着 .lieu  ,cho. 
Die, 死 'si, 去 世 c'M'  slii'. 
Differ, 差 着 ，c'ha  ,clio. 
Diminish, 减 少 'cliicn  'sliau. 
Direct, 指 淨 'chi  'tieii. 
Disclose, 露出來 lu'  ,c'liuh 

.lai  (also  Icu'.) 
Discuss, 辯 論 picu'  lun'. 
Disperse, 散 ^  san'  ，k'ai. 
Disregard,  ^ 額 .puh  ku'. 


[ 89  ] 


Dissolve,  消 化  jsiau  hwa*, 

化 hwa'. 
Distinguish, 分 明 ,fen  .ming. 
Disturb,       動 'chiau  tung*. 
Divide, 分 開 ,foii  ，k(ai. 
Divine, 占 卜  ，clian  puh*. 
Do, 做 tso'. 
Draw, 拉 ,1a, 拖 ,t'o. 
Drive, 起 'kan. 
Dry,  8 西 乾 shai'  ,knn.  [elm'. 
Dwell, 住 cliu*. 居 住 ,chu 
Eat, 吃 ,c'liih. 
Endure, 忍 耐 jen'  nai'. 
Engrave,  刻 字 ,keh  tsi'. 
Enjoy, 享 受 'liiang  sheu*. 
Enquire, 打 聽 'ta  ,t'ing. 
Enter,  進去  tsin'  c'hii'. 
Entice, 引 誘 'yin  'yeu. 
Entrust,  tE  ft  ,t'o  fu'. 
Escort, 護 送 W  sung'. 
Examine, 考 究 'k'au  ,chieu. 
Except, 除 .c'hu, 以 夕 ，i  wai'. 
Exert  yourself,  ttj 力， c'liuli  lili'. 
Expand, 伸 寬 ,shen  ,k'wan. 
Extinguish, 滅 沒 mieh'  mo'. 
Faint, 录 過 去 ,hwun  kwo* 

c'hii*. 

Fall, 跌 下 ,tieli  hia', 棹 下 

tiau'  hia*. 
Fan, 打 扇 ，ta  shan'. 
Fear, 怕 
Feed, 喂 

Feign, 假 做 'chia  tso(. 
Fight, 打 ^  'ta  diia'. 


Finish, 傲 完 tso(  .wan. 
Fix, 定 下 ting*  hia'. 
Flatter, 奉 承 feng'  .c'heng. 
Fling, 機 .jeug.  , 
Flow, 流 .lieu. 
Fly,  fei. 
Forbid, 禁 止 chin'  ，cM. 
Forget, 忘 .wang. 
Freeze,  凍冰  tung*  ,ping. 
Fulfil, 成 就 .Cheng  tsieu'. 
Gamble,  ^  ^  'tu  .t'sieu. 
Give, 送 sungS 鈴 'chih  (，kei.) 
Go, 去 c'hii', 往 Vang. 
Grieve,  憂悶  jVeu  men . 
Guard, 把 守 'pa  'sheu. 
Guess, 猜 ,t'sai, 
Help, 相 幫 ,siang  ,pang, 幫 

助 ,pang  elm'. 
Hide, 藏 ."sang  nih'. 
Hire,  ffl  ，"u，  %  lin:.  ['fah. 
Imitate, 學 .hioh, 效 法 hiau' 
Inform, 告 新 kau'  su'. 
Injure, 傷 害 ,sbang  hai', 損 

害 'sun  hai'. 
Instruct, 教 訓 cliiau'  liiiin*. 
Intercept, 截 欄 -tsieli  .lau. 
i  Investigate, 查 察 .c'ha  ,c'liali. 
Invite, 請 't'sing. 
Kneel, 婉 kwei'.    「，cli':eh  ，ts'i. 
Tie  a  knot, 打）^ 子 'ta 
Ladle, 纏 't'sa'i. 
Lead, 引 導 'yin  tnu(. 
Leave  it  there, 留 着 -lieu  ,cho. 
Leave  a  place, 離 開 .li  .k'ai. 


[ 90  ] 


Lend, 借 tsie'. 

Let, 出 賃 ,c'huh  lin'. 

Lie  down, 眠 下  .mien  hia*. 

湾尚 下 't'fing  hia'.  [hwa*. 
Lie  (falslcy,) 識 話 'hwang 
Lift, 舉 M  'elm  'c'hi. 擎 起 

.c'hing  'c'hi. 
Look, 職 'c'heu. 看 k'an'. 
Look  after, 照 應 chau'  ,ying. 
Make, 傲 tso'. 
Manage,  蒈理  'kwan  ，li. 
Mark,        印 ，ta  yin'. 
Matcli, 配 着 p'ei'  ，cho. 
May, 可 m  ，k'o  ，i. 
Measure,  .liacg. 
Meet, 遇 着 ii'  ,clio. 
Mend, 修 

Mix, 調 ^  .t'iau  .ho. 
Mock,  ^ 弄 lung'. 
Molest, 難爲  .nan  .wei. 
Nail, 針 ting'. 
Name, 起 名 ，  c'hi  .ming. 
Obey, 遵 後 .tsun  .t'suDg. 
Offend, 干 《£  ,kan  fan'. 
Oppose, 考巨 住 .cliii  chu*. 
Ought, 應 當 ,ying  ,tang. 
Overturn, 椎 倒 ,t'ui  ，tau. 
Parch, 乾 貝占 ,kan  ,t'ieli. 
Peel, 剝 皮  ，poli  .p'i. 
Perforate, 穿過去 ,c'hwcn 

kwo*  c'hii'. 
Perspire, 出 汗 ,c'huli  han'. 
Pierce, 扎 ,cliah, 穿 ,c'hwen. 
Plait,       辮' ，ta  ,picn. 


Plane, 包 I'j  .p'au. 
Plough, 耕 jkeng  or  ,cliing. 
Pray, 歸 告 'tau  kau'. 
Prepare, 預 備 u'  pei'. 
Print, 印 yin. 

Proceed,  上前走 shang' 

.t'sien  'tseu. 
Produce,   出  ,c'huli,   生 出 

jSheng  jC'liuh.  [clierig*. 
Produce  evidence,  引 言 正 'yin 
Prosper,        旺 ,liing  wang'. 
Protect, 保 佑 'pau  yen'. 
Purify, 洗 'si. 
Pursue, 追 超 ,cliui  'kan. 
Push,, 椎 ，t'ui. 
Put, 掘 ,koh, 按 .ngan  ，放 fang'. 
Rail  at  persons, 馬 人 ma'  .jen. 
Reap, 收 jsheu, 激 lien'. 
Head, 讀 .tub. 
Rebel, 造 反 tsau'  'fan. 
Receive, 受 著 slieu'  ,clioh. 

do.     到 手 tau'  'sheu. 
Redeem, 讀 .sliiih.  [,yuen. 
Redress  grievances, 申 ,shen 
Reduce, 減 輕 'chien  ，c'hing. 
Eefine, 録 lien'. 
Ptcform, 改 正 'kai  cheng'. 
Release,  開 釋 ，k'ai  ,sh"ih. 
Remove, 搬 家 ,pan  ,cMa. 
Repay,  t^n 還 .p'el  .liwan. 
Repent,  f^. 改 'hwei  'kai. 
lleply, 回 答 .hwei  ，tali, 
Hepresent, 當 做 ,tang  tso'. 
Reprove, 責 '俯 tseh'  pei'. 


[ 01  ] 


Rest, 安 息 ,iigan  sih. 
Return, 回 去 .liwei  c'liii'. 
Reward, 賞 'shaiig. 
Hide  horses, 騎 ,cln. 
Rub, 磨 .mo. 
Salute, 請 安 't'siiig  ,ngaii. 
Scatter, 散 開 san'  ，k'ai. 
Scoop, 

挖 

wall'. 

See, 看 見 k'an*  chien*. 

Seize, 拿 著 .iia  ,cho. 

Send,  tf  §  ，ta  ,fah,  ffj 信 

jShau  siu'. 
Serve, 事 奉 sli'i'  feng'. 
Shake, 搖 .yau, 抖 ，teu. 
Shave,  M  t'i'. 
Shut, 闘 ,kwan. 
Sing, 唱 c'haiig'. 
Singe,  燒顔 色 

'shai  or  sch. 
Sit  down, 坐 下 tso'  liia'. 
Slap  on  the  face,  tf 嘴巴 

'ta  'tsui  pa'  'ts'i. 
Smear, 塗 .t'u. 噴 ,p'en. 
Smile, 含 笑 .hail  siau(. 
Smuggle,  fffij  ISi  jt'cu  sliui'. 
Snuff  candle, 爽 去纖花 

jcliiah  c'hii'  lah*  ,hwa. 
Soothe, 安 慰 ,ngan  wci'. 
Speak,        話 jshwoh  hwa'. 
Spend, 費 用  fci'  yung*. 
Spin, 翁 線 'fang  sieu'. 
Sprinkle, 灑 去 
Start, 起 身 ，  c'hi  ,shen. 
Sting, 涵 tVi'. 


Strike,  ，ta. 

Surrender,  ^  ^  .t'cu  .liiang. 
Sustain, 當 ,tang. 
Swear, 發 誓 .fah  shi'. 
Take,  4  AVd, 取 't'su. 
Take  up  time, 軌 誤 ,tan  'wu. 
Taste, 嘗 .c'hang. 
Teach, 教 cliiau'. 
Tear, 撕 破 ,si  pV. 
Tempt, 誘 惑 'yeu  hwoh'. 
Thank, 謝 謝 sie'  sie*. 
Tliiuk, 思 想 ，si  'siang. 
Thirst, 渴 'k'oh. 
Throw, 鶴 jjeng. 
Toast,        k'an-S 《考 ， 
Translate,  繙 譯 ，fan  i'. 
Treat, 看 待 k'an'  tai*. 
Tremble,  || 抖 ,fali  ，teu，  ff 

戰 戰 'ta  cban'  chan'. 
Try, 試 試 看 sh'i'  shi'  k'an*. 
Turn  back, 回 轉 .hwci  'chwen. 
Wait, 等 候 'teng  heu'. 
Wake, 酉 S  'sing. 
Waken,  叫醒  chiau'  'sing. 
Warn, 警 戒 'cliing  cliie'. 
AVaste,  i% 養 laug'  fei(. 
Watch  the  house, 看 家 k'an' 

, cilia. 

Weave, 織 布 ,cliili  pu'. 
Weep, 哭 ,k'uli. 
"Weigh, 稱 c'lieng'. 
Wrap, 包 着 ,pau  ,choh. 
Wring  dry, 择 乾 ，  nieu  ,kan. 
Write, 寫 'sie. 


[ 92  ] 


46.    Distindice  Numeral  Particles.  * 

個 ko(，  as  in  ― 個人 .yih  ko'  .jeu,  a  man.    Also  of  cash, 
loaves,  etc. 

蓋 'chan,  small  cup.    Used  of  lamps,  tea-cups,  cliina-tra)'s，  etc. 
張 jchang,  to  stretch.    Numeral  of  tables,  bows,  lips,  etc. 
雙 jcliih.    Numeral  of  fowls,  slieep,  boats. 

jcli'i.    Numeral  of  pencils,  fifes,  branches. 
處 c'hu',  place.    Numeral  of  places  and  houses. . 

jfeng,  to  seal.    Numeral  of  letters  and  packets. 

cilia',  a  supim't.    Numeral  of  cannon 
<^  ,ken,  root.    Numeral  of  poles,  masts,  etc. 
口  ，k(cu，  mouth.    Numeral  of  coffins,  bells,  water  vessels. 

cliien',  divide.    Numeral  of  things,  clothes. 

cbiuen',  roll  up.    Numeral  of  pictures. 
顆 ，k(o，  small  head.    Numeral  of  pearls  and  grain. 

,k'o,  rank;  order.    JSTumeral  of  trees. 

'kwan,  pipe.    Numeral  of  fifes,  pencils. 

k'wai',  a  piece  of.    Numeral  of  dollars,  stones,  etc. 
領 'ling,  neck.    Numeral  of  mats,  blinds,  etc. 
面 mien',  face.    Numeral  of  flags,  drums,  etc.  ,c'lia  shang  .c'hi 

，ts'i，  set  tq)  a  flag. 
把 'pa,  handful.    Numeral  of  knives,  mallets,  clubs,  spoons, 

chairs. 

本 'pen,  root.    Numeral  of  books,  account  books. 

[/C  'p'ili,  to  2^ air.    Numeral  of  horses,  mules,  etc. 

錦 p'uS  to  sjjread  out.    Numeral  of  beds  and  couches. 

步 pu',  dep.    Used  of  situations.    Che'  pu*  .t'ien  ti',  such  a 

position  as  this. 
所 'so,  place.    Numeral  of  houses. 

頭 .t'eu,  heap.    Used  of  animals.    ,San  'paili  .t'eu  ,nieu,  three 
hundred  cows. 


These  particles  are  used  to  connect  a  number  with  its  noun,  when  that  noun 
represeuts  an  individual  tliiii<^,  i.  e.  wlion  it  is  an  appellative  noun.  There 
are  about  forty  such  p^i'i  ides,  :iml  of  these  arbitrary  usage  determine  a 
which  bhall  be  uuipluyud  wiLli  uuy  uouu.  ' 


[ 03  ] 

條 

•t'iau,  sprout  branch.    Numeral  of  collars,  clubs,  ropes,  dogs, 
dragons,  snakes,  fishes,  roads,  doctrines,  etc.  . 
項 'ting,  summit.    Numeral  of  hats,  sedan  chairs. 
杂 'to.    Numeral  of  flowers. 

to*.    Numeral  of  walls. 
端 twan*,  orderly.    Numeral  of  things,  affairs. 
座 tso',  a  seat.    Numeral  of  iuns,  temples,  hills,  etc. 
文 .Tven.    Numeral  of  copper  cash. 
^§  .wei,  tail.    Numeral  of  fishes. 

位 wei',  seat.    Numeral  of  scholars,  mandarins,  teachers. 

47.    Significant  Numeratives.  * 

張 ,cliang,  a  sheet  of  paper,  skin,  flat  thin  cakes. 雨 張 竹 紙 

'Hang  ,cliaug  .cliuh  ，ch'i，  two  sheets  of  bamboo  pajjer. 
車 jC'he,  a  carriage  load  or  barrow  load  of  wood,  lime,  bricks,  etc. 
i(fx  .che,  a  fold  of  paper. 

陣 clien*,  a  gust  or  bnrd  of  wind,  rain,  hail  (pan*  'ts'i, )  or 
thunder. 打 了  ~~ ' 陣 雷 ，ta  'liau  yih  chen*  .lei,  there  ivas 
a  burst  of  thunder. 
,clioh,  a  table  of  rice, 
chu',  a  stick  of  incense. 

船 .c'hwen,  a  boat  load  of  anything.    來 了  -— 船 魚 
.lai  'liau  yih'  .c'hwen  .hien  .ii,  a  boat  of  salt  fish  has  come, 

巾虽 子 ,fuli  ，ts'i,  a  fold  of  cloth,  of  blinds,  of  curtains, 
.feng,  a  sealed  packet  of  letters,  etc. 

項 'hiang,  a  heap  of  silver. 

口  ，k'eu,  a  mouthful  of  rice,  etc. 

簡 ,chien,  an  apartment  of  a  house. 

句 chii*,  a  sentence  of  books,  words. 

塊 k'wai*,  a  ； piece  of  land,  cake. 

細 .k'wun,  a  faggot  or  bundle  of  wood,  string. 


*  These  words  are  used  to  connect  numbers  with  material  nouns  or  with  other 
nouns,  when  a  part  of  them  needs  to  be  spoken  of.  Significant  numera- 
tives are  definite  or  indefinite.  Those  which  are  definite  are  weights  and 
measures.   Those  which  are  indefinite  are  here  oxempli&ed. 


[ 94  ] 


手 


溜  lieu',  a  stream  or  tract  of  water,  land,  etc. 
a  grain  of  corn,  etc. 
，pa,  a  handful  of  rice,  etc.  ' 

包 

，pau,  a  hiindle  of  sugar,  clothes,  etc. 
瓢  .p'iau,  a  scoop  of  water,  etc. 

片 ，p'ien，  a  ； piece  of  land,  water,  clouds,  snow  ；  a  coUedion 
of  houses. 

篇 

p'.ien',  a  piece  of  writing  or  of  a  book. 
a  j)iece  of  cloth. 
席 .sih,  a  mat,  a  feast,  a  party  of  guests. 
扇 slian',  a  fan,  fold  of  a  door. 

'sheu,  a  hand  covered  with  blood,  earth,  etc. 
心 'sheu  .sin,  a  handfitl  of  rice,  etc. 
.t'ai，  a  load  (carried  by  two  persons)  of  anything. 
idi'y  a  tract  of  land,  water,  streets,  clouds,  etc. 
tan',  a  load  (carried  by  one  person)  of  auytliing. 
1^  tau',  a  path  or  stream  of  light. 
§^  .t'eu,  a  head  or  end  of  string. 
挑 jt'iau,  a  load  (carried  by  one  person.) 
jj^  .t'iau,  a  length  of  anything. 
帖 ,t'ieh,  a  piece  of  plaister,  of  gold  leaf,  etc. 
淨 A  'tien,  a  dot,  a  little  of. 

.t'o，  a  heap  of  salt,  of  cash  ；  a  cake  of  pastry,  etc. 
各它 .t'o,  a  ball,  made  by  winding  ；  a  cake  of  pastry,  etc. 
頓 tun',  a  meal  of  rice,  etc.,  a  beating  (with  ，ta，  to  strike.) 
堆 jtui,  a  heap  of  earth,  fruit,  stones  ；  crowd  of  men,  animals. 
團 .t'wan,  anything  round,  a  ball  of  hair,  hemp,  silk. 
殆 jt'san,  a  meal. 

層 .t'seng,  a  story  of  pagodas,  towers  ；   thichiess  of  paper, 
cloth, 

锦 .tsieh,  a  joint  or  subdivision  of  anything,  as  of  bamboo,  a 

whip,  a  finger,  the  spine. 
九 .wan,  a  pill  of  mediciue. 
^  wei*,  taste,  land,  of  medicine,  food,  etc. 


[ 95  ] 


48.    Weights,  Measures,  Vessels,  and  other  definite  divisions. 
蓋 'clian,  small  cup. 

站 chanS  a  stage  on  a  journey  ；  in  Kiang-nan  90  U  or  30 
English  miles  ；  in  Worth  Chiua  a  distance  varying  between 
60  and  130  li. 

張 jchang,  leaf  of  a  book,  of  paper,  of  gold  leaf  ；  a  single  skin. 

章 ,chang,  section  of  a  book. 

丈 changS  ten  feet,  or  141  inches  English. 

抄 c'liau',  the  10002'A  paH  of  a  sheng  cnc  pint. 

/j^i  c'heng',  10  catties  or  poimds  weight. 

Jf^  'c'hih,  Chinese  foot;  14  inches  aud  one-tenth  English. 

if 厨 .c'hii,  a  tcardrohe;  book-case. 

忠 子 jchiing  'tsi,  a  cup. 

分 ,fen,  a  candareen  or  tenth  part  of  a  mace  ；  one  cent  ；  tenth  of 

an  inch  ；  a  minute. 
毫 .hau,  a  small  measure  of  length  ；  tenth  of  a  li 
下 liia(，  a  stroke  of  the  clock  ；  an  hour. 
[M 子 .Ilia  'tsi,  a  small  box. 

歇 hieh, 會 子 hwei'  'tsi, 會 兒 'hwei  .er,  ('liwur,  in  north- 
ern China,)  an  instant  of  time. 
壶 .hu,  a  tea  pot  or  wine  ； pot. 
邀、 ,huh,  loth  jmH  of  a  hau. 
斜 .huh,  five  teu. 
曰 ； jihS  day. 

離 jkang,  a  large  vessel  for  holding  water,  and  other  liquids. 
更 ,keng  (jching  in  the  north,)  a  watch,  5th  part  of  a  niglit  ；. 

counted  from  night-fall  to  day-break. 
刻 .k'eh,  quarter  of  an  hour. 
斤 , chill,  a  catty,  \\  tbs.  English. 
傾 'c'hirig,  100  men  of  land. 

負 'chioh,  a  drinking  hom,  a  horn  of  wine  ；  'cliiauh,  4th  of 

anything  ；  corner. 
卷 chiiien',  chapter  of  a  book. 

hoh',  tenth  of  a  sheng  or  pint  ；  in  nor  then  usage,  a  handful 


[ 96  3 

弓 ,kung,  a  hoic,  (as  a  measure  for  land)  five  feet. 

句 chii*,  a  sentence. 

^1  kwan',  a  pitcher ;  a  pot, 

筐子  .k'wang  'tsi,  a  basket. 

櫃  kwei',  a  wardrobe;  cupboard. 

鍋  jkwoli,  a  frying  pan. 

藍 .Ian,  a  basket, 

'leu,  a  hamper  (with  a  small  mouth.) 
'li,  Chinese  mile,  ^rd  of  an  English  mile. 
.li，  \Mh  part  of  a  fen  ；  100th  part  of  an  inch, 
'liang,  a  tael;  1|  oz  ；  sixteenth  of  a  catty,  or  l-12tli  of  a  lb. 
'meu,  ，mu，  240  square  pu',  or  6,  400  square  Chinese  feet, 
'miau,  a  second. 


雨 
畝 
秒 
年 


men,  a  year, 

盤 .p'an,  a  plate,  or  tray  of  earthenware  or  wood. 

.p'en,  dish;  howl;  basin. 
^  peng*,  an  earthen  pitcher. 

，pei，  a  u'hie  cup. 

.p'iau,  a  cocoa-nut  scoop. 
瓶 .p'ing,  a  bottle;  vase. 
疋 'p'ih,  40  feet  of  cloth. 
步 pu*,  five  feet,  used  in  measuring  land. 

jshah,  on  instant  (southern.) 
Q|p]  'shang,  a  forenoon  or  afternoon. 
首 'sheu,  a  piece  of  poetry. 

升 jslieng,  a  pint  measure  (of  rice  1|  catties  in  the  north.) 

"jtf^  shi*,  a  generation;  an  age;  thirty  years. 

時 .slii, 時 辰 .shi  .c'hen, 時 候  .shi  heu',  an  Jiour;  tico 

English  hours. 
箱 .siang,  a  chest;  box. 

絲 ,si,  100th  part  of  a  ,hau  ；  10///  part  of  a  huh*. 
歳 sui',  a  year. 
管 jshau,  a  huchct. 
代 ta(,  a  (jeneratiotK 


[ 97  ] 


口 袋 'k'eu  tai',  a  bag. 

檐  tan',  a  pecul;  one  hundred  catties;  133|  English  pounds. 

I 曇 .fan,  a  pitcher. 

3^  t'ang',  a  column  of  characters. 

斗 

'teu,  ten  pints  or  sheng. 
牒子  .tieh  ，tsi'，  a  plate. 
Ipj^ 鐘 'tien  ,cliung,  an  hour. 
天  ,t'ien,  a  day. 
麓 

•tsieh  c'hi',  solar  term  ；  24:th  of  a  solar  year. 
錢 .t'sien,  a  mace;  tenth  of  an  ounce  or  tael  ('liang)  ；  a  iiiece  of 
coined  money. 

,t'soh,  100  f/t  of  a  sheng  or  pin  t. 
■\J"  t'suu',  a  Chinese  inch;  1.  17 5' of  m  English  inch. 

't'ung,  a  barrel;  cask  or  bucket. 

weng',  a  large  water  vessel,. 
M  ，  wan,  a 謹 all  basin. 
葉 yell',  a  leaf  of  a  book. 
月 yiieh*,  a  month. 

49.  Collectives. 

子 jchi  'tsi,  a  branch  of  flowers,  of  a  family,  of  an  army, 
c'hwen',  a  chain  of  cash,  beads,  pearls, 
f  u、  a  pair  or  set  of  antithetical  sentences,  of  ear-rings, 
.hang,  a  rank  of  trees,  of  parallel:  threads, 
.hu,  a  quiver  of  arrows, 
'hwo,  a  company  of  men;, 
.chiiin,  on  army. 

兒 k'wai'  .er，  the  whole  of  a  thing; 
kwan'，."  cliain  of  gold,  precious  stones  or  pearls, 
.c'hiun,  a  flock  or  herd  of  sheep,  cattle,  wolves. 
，ku，  share  in  trade,  divison  of  an  army  ；  breeze  of'  wind. . 
,p'ai,  a  raft  of  timber,  bamboo. 
5^  ，pan,  a  set  of  men  ；  rank  of  soldiers. 
片 p'ien',  a  sjilinter;  collection  of  buildings, . 


枝串副 行壺夥 軍塊骨 ；羣 


[ 98  ] 


雙 ,shwang,  a  2Kiir  of  shoes,  chopsticks  (k'wai'  ，ts'i.) 
帶 tai'，  a  tract  of  land. 

,tau，  parcel  of  100  or  more  sheets  of  paper. 

套 

fan',  a  covering  ；  cover  of  books,  (several  stitched  volumes 
placed  together  in  a  loose  cover  are  called  a  t'au.) 

旗 .c'lii,  banner, 屬 ^ 旗 .slmli  'na  yili'  .c'lii,  to  which 
banner  does  he  helomj  ？ 

^  .tsuh,  Jandrcd. 

隊 

tui(，  a  party  of  five  or  more  soldiers. 
對 tui'，  a  pair. 

50.    Auxiliarij  Nouns  of  Quality. 

種 'cluing,  sort  of  men  ；  portion  of  silver.  這 人 clie* 
'cbung  .jen,  this  sort  of  men. 

項 hiaiig",  prn-f  of  ； jort  of. 這一項 錢是權 船的那 
一 境錢是 1 雇 車子翁 clie'  .yih  Liang'  .t'sieii  sli'i' 
ku'  .c'liweu  ,tih, — na'  .yih  Liang'  .t'sien  slii  ku'  ,c'he  'tsi 
,tili,  thin  imH  of  tJie  money  is  to  hire  a  boat,  and  that  to  hire  a 
cart.  ■ — 項 ^  'j 青  che'  .yih  Liang'  sli'i'  .t'sing,  this 
sort  of  thing. 

肝 ,kan,  stem;  sort  of. 他 們 叉 是 一 才于人     ,t'a  ,mea 

yeu'  slii'  yih'  ,kan  .jcn,  tht'i/  are  another  sort  of  people. 
類 lei',  sort  of. 不是 ~~ ■ 類的人 .puh  sb'i'  .yih.  lei'  ,tih 

.jen,  Jtc  is  not  the  sai/ie  sort  of  man. 
,pan,  the  same  in  kind,  sort  of  ； 运 般 3fe 景    clio'  ,pan 

jkwang  'cliing,  this  sort  o  f  appcdraiive. 
#  yang''，  kind  of  ；        ^ 人 jlp  che'  yang'  .jeu  'p'in,  this 

kind  of  men. 

,  51.    Numeral  Particles  to  Verbs. 

翻 ,fan,  to  tiii-ti  over.  叉 是 一 翻 來 了    ycu'  slii'  yili* 

jfiiii  .lai  'liau,  Jte  is  come  once  more. 
下 bias  numeral  of  strokes. 打 了 三下鐘  ，ta  'liau  ,san 

Ilia*  jchuDg,  it  has  struck  three  times. 


[ 99  ] 


會 子 hwei'  'tsi,  a  mectinr/.    去了  一 會子 c'hii*  'liau 

•yih  hwci'  'tsi,  lie  has  gone  once. 
遍 y)icn(，  to  go  completely  round;  numeral  of  seeing. 赚過兩 

.t'siau  kwo'  'Hang-  ,picn,  I  have  looked  tJ"'ough  it  twice. 
遷  fang',  a  fimr;  numeral  of  any  action. 

遭 ,tsau,  numeral  of  revolutions  ；  as  of  oxen  grinding,  the 

sun  revolving. 
次 t(si',  repetition  ；  numeral  of  any  action. 

52.    Phrases  at  an  Inn 店 tien'. 

乾 淨 屋 子 >kan  tsing'  ,wu  ,tsi,  a  clean  apartment. 

！)^  ,sliau  k'aug',  liykt  the  brick  couch. 
赏 雞 蛋  'elm  ,clii  tan',  ho'il  eggs. 
煎 羊 肉  jtsicn  .yang  jcu', /r//  mutton. 
')vfi; 雞 tun'  ,chi,  stew  fowls. 

^  ^  'ma  ting'  'cliang,  shoe  the  horse. 
Pp^ 草 料 wei'  't'sau  liau',  feed  him  with  straw  and  com. 

口喂了  Meng  ，k  'cu  wei',  'liau,  the  (uiimals  are  fed. 
房 ^1  .fang  .t'sien,  moneij  for  lodging. 
打 更 tJ^  'ta  ,ching  ,tih,  the  watchman. 

上坐着 k'aug'  shang'  tso'  ,clio,  Hitting  on  the  brick  hedplace. 

上鋪蓋 'k'wun  shang*  ，p'u  kai'，  iic  up  the  bedding. 
鋪 轉 子 ，P'u  juli'  ，tsi，  spread  out  the  mattrctss. 
打 開 被 'to  jk'ai  pei'，  unloose  the  coverlid. 
i§ 上士 g 子 ,sa  shang'  to'  ,tsi,  imck  the  pack  saddle. 
高 梁豆子 》kau  .Hang  ten'  ,tsi,  millet 


[ 100  ] 


APPENDIX  I. 

Tones  of  the  Peking  dialect. 

1.  "Words  in  the  first  tone  class, 上 平 shang  p'ing,  take 
the  upper  quick  falling  inflection  ；  by  the  falling  inflection  being 
meant  the  tone  of  commands  in  English.  But  this  becomes  the 
upper  even  monotone  in  combination  witli  another  word  following. 
If  a  word  of  this  class  stands  last  without  the  accent,  it  assumes 
the  lower  quick  even  monotone,  as  iu 外 邊 wai'  ,pien,  outside. 

2.  Words  in  the  second  tone  class,  上 ？ 5^  shang  sheng,  take 
the  lower  quick  or  slow  rising  inflection.  The  rising  inflection 
is  in  English  the  tone  of  questions.  When  two  words  of  this 
class  are  placed  together,  the  former  takes  the  upper  quick  rising 
inflection,  as  in 洗 臉 'si  'lien,  wash  the  face. 

3.  "Words  in  the  third  tone  class, 去 聲 c'hii  sheng,  take 
the  lower  quick  falling  inflection,  or  the  lower  slow  falling 
circumflex,  which  first  falls  and  afterwards  rises.  When  two 
words  of  this  class  are  placed  together,  the  last  is  pitched  high, 
and  becomes  the  upper  quick  falling  inflection. 

4.  Words  in  the  fifth  class,  下 平 hia  p'ing,  take  the  upper 
quick  rising  inflection,  or  occasionally  the  upper  quick  rising 
circumflex,  wLicli  is  a  double  inflection,  first  rising  and  tliea 
falling. 

5.  Words  belonging  primarily  to  the  fourth  tone  class,  >\ 
聲 juli  sheng,  are,  in  the  spoken  dialect,  distributed  among  the 
other  tone-classes  in  tlie  following  manner  : — 


Old  tone-class. 

Initial  letter. 

Peking  tone-class. 

Upper  juh  sheng. 

k,  t，  p,  s. 

ts，  ch,  h,  w,  y. 

Upper  p'ing  sheng, 上. 平 

Lower  juh  sheng. 

，k  t,  p,  s. 
ts,  ch,  h. 

Lower  p'ing  sheng, 下 平 

Lower  juh  sheng. 

C'hu  sheng,          去 聲 

C  101  ] 


This  is  the  general  law,  but  the  exceptions  are  very 
numerous,  and  they  admit,  for  the  most  part,  of  reduction  to  a 
few  subordinate  laws,  which,  here  follow,  numbered  6  to  9, 

6.  Many  upper  juh  slieng  words,  principally  substantives, 
with  the  initials  k,  t,  etc.,  and  accustomed  to  be  pronounced 
alone,  are  heard  in  the  second  tone  or  shang  slieng,  *  e.  g. 
'hie,  blood;  百 'pai,  a  hundred;  鐵 't'ie,  iron;  尺  ，c(hi'， 
(I  foot;  北 ，pei，  north; 塔 ，t(a，  a  pcifjod" ; 脚 'cluau,  foot  - 
華  'pi,  pencil.  Many  words  whose  usual  tone  is  the  first,  take 
上 聲 shang  sheng  for  a  special  sense,  as  ；  曲 k'iuk,  which  is 
jC'liu,  crooked,  but  Villi,  a  song. 

7.  Words  taken  from  the  book  language,  and  not  used  to  be 
pronounced  singly,  or  not  themselves  thoroughly  colloquial, 
prefer  the  third  tone  or 去 聲 c'liii  slieng  ；  e.  g. 特 t'e， 
purposely; 確  c'liiiie,  true ;        so,  new  moon ;        she,  to  place  • 

客 

k'e,  a  guest.  AVhon  a  word  lias  the  first  tone  for  a  common 
colloquial  sense,  as 掘 ，ko，  to  place,  it  often  prefers 去 聲 
c'liii  slieng  for  another  sense  it  may  bear  in  combination,  as 就 

,tau  ko(，  to  remain  anyichere  for  sometime. 

8.  Certain  syllables,  usually  with  sibilant  initials,  have 
a  preference  for  the  fifth  tone,  or 下 平 hia  p'ing  ；  e.  g.  chu, 
chi,  clii,  fu,  ko,  tse,  te，  jJfS  fu，  happiness; 得 te,  to  obtain,  etc. 

9.  The  reading  tone  of  many  juli  sheng  words  which  obey 
the  preceding  laws,  is 去 聲 c'hii  sheiig  ；  and  this  is  especially 
true  of  those  that  are  colloquially  attached  to  the  first  and  fifth, 
tone  classes  ；  all  such,  when  used  in  poetry,  are  read  with  the 
intonation  of  c'liii  sheng.  In  poetry,  juh  sheng  words  are  all 
transferred  to  c'hii  slieug,  except  a  few  found  in  shang  slieng. 

10.  Words  arrange  themselves  in  groups  of  two,  three  and 
four,  regulated  by  accent.  The  accent  falls  usually  on  the  last 
word  in  a  combination  of  two  ；  on  the  second  and  fourth  in  a 
combination  of  four  ；  and  on  the  first  and  last  in  a  combination 
of  three.    But  when,  as  often  occurs,  two  sounds  are  so  closely 

*  Words  needing  to  be  pronounced  singly  would  naturally  adopt  tho  second 
tone,  which,  in  Peking,  is  cuuuciated  -nritb  paroiculax  distiuctuess. 


[ 102  ] 


combined  as  to  become  one  dissyllabio  word,  the  accent  is  on  the 
first  ；  c.  g. 甚麽 .slien  ,mo,  ichat  ？    我 \f\  Vo  ,men,  u'e, 

11.  When  the  accent  is  on  the  first  of  two  sounds  forming  a 
dissyllabic  word,  or  the  one  is  significant  and  the  other  enclitic, 
the  】ast  loses  its  proper  tone,  and  assumes  tliat  of 上平 sliang 
p'ing,  the  first  tone  class.  This  is  the  reason  that  the  proper 
tone  of  the  following,  among  many  more  common  words,  viz  ； 
着 .cho,  .cliau,  it  is  so; 兒 ，er，  son  ；  .men,  door ； 頭 .t'eu, 
head;  麽 'mo,  interrogative  particle,  呢 .ni,  interrogative 
particle, 子 'tsi, 應; 情 .t'sing,  t ///)/[/,  ^  lo%  final  particle  ； 
爺 .ye,  fathey; 來 -lai,  come; 老 ，lau，  old ; 個 ko'，  a  particle, 
is  in  the  Peking  dialect  habitually  exchanged  for 上 平 sliang 
p'inp:,  in  certain  familiar  combinations  ；  e.  g. 

留 着 .lieu  ,cho,  leave  it  there. 
loj 門  .ya  jinen,  mandarin  office. 
^  5§  'H  ，t'eu,  'within. 
甚 麼 .shen  ,rao，  what. 
老 子 'lau  ,tsi,  father. 
事 *Jpj  sli?  jt'sing,  thing. 

老 爺 'lau  ,yc,  aged  sir;  a  common  title  of  address  to  mandarins. 

回 ^  .liwei  ,lai,  come  bach. 

你 老 'ni  ,lau,  you  my  old  friend. 

^ 個 cbe'  ，ko，  tlm. 

12.  The  initials  k，  t,  p,  cli,  and  ts，  are  always  aspirated 
in  the  fiftli  tone-class,  except  wlien  tlie  words  to  which  they 
belong  are  derived  from  yA.  S  juli  sheng. 

13.  The  presence  of  the  initials  1，  m，  n,  r,  j,  in  tlie  first 
tone-class,  is  limited  to  words  which  are  exclusively  colloquial, 
or  affected  in  tone  by  the  particular  position  of  the  accent,  as 
explained  in  law  12, 

14.  The  suffix  兒 .er，  attached  to  substantives  and  other 
words  very  extensively  in  the  north,  is  frequently  absorbed  into 
the  word  to  which  it  is  attached.  The  final  letters  n,  ng,  and 
the  vowels  are  then  exchanged  for  r,  while  the  tone  of  tho  word 
is  kept  aud  that  of  suffix  is  losfc. 


[ 103  ] 


Normal  furm. 

Colloquial  form. 

Observations. 

A 兒 .jen  ,cr 

兒 .t'sien  ,er 
餅 兒 'ping  ,er 
天 兒 jt'ien  ，er 
絲 兒 ，s.i  ,er 
瑰 f2»  k'wai'  ,er 
鶴 子 兒 ,chi  'tsi  ,er 

板 兒 ，I 蕭 ，er 

Mli 兒 ，feng  ,er  (or  ,fung) 

•jer 

.t'sier 
'pier 
,t'iei' 
,ser 

k'wair* 
jclii  'tser 
'par 
jfoer 

e  as  in  French  le. 
e  as  iu  mercy. 
e  as  in  mercy. 
e  as  ill  mercy. 
0  as  iu  French  le. 

e  as  in  French  le. 

a  as  in  art. 

e  as  in  mercy  as  for. 

15.  The  words  -"^ '  i，  om  and 不 pu,  not,  vary  their  tone 
according  to  their  position  in  the  collocation  of  words  to  which  they 
belong.  Before  a  word  in 去 徵 c'liii  sheug  they  prefer  hia  p'iug. 
Before  shang  p'ing,  shang  slicng,  or  hia  p'ing,  they  take  the 
c'hii  sheng  intonation,  and  wlicn  standing  last  they  are  heard  in 
the  first  tour,  c.  g'. 不 是 .pu  slii',  it  is  not  so; 不來 pu'  .lai, 
he  did  not  codic;  ^]}  ~ -  ,c'liu  ，i，  the  first  day  of  the  month. 

16.  When  the  suffix 兒 .er,  is  absorbed  into  the  second  of  a 
repeated  word,  the  word  takes  with 兒 .er,  the  shang  p'iug  tone. 
This  is  true  whether  the  repeated  word  be  in  c'liii  sheng,  shang 
sheug,  or  hia  p'ing  slieng  ；  e.  g. 慢 慢 兒 的 mau'  ，mar  ，ti. 

Observations. 

These  laws  serve  for  Tientsin  as  well  as  Peking,  except  that 
the  first  tone-class  receives  the  lower  slow  even  tone,  and  the 
third  or  c'hu  sheug,  the  upper  quick  falling  inflection. 

In  the  distribution  of  the  juli  slieng  words  among-  the  other 
tone-classes,  tliero  is  little  difference  between  the  usage  of 
Peking  and  Tientsin. 

The  student  is  recommended  to  verify  these  sixteen  laws,  with 
the  aid.  of  a  native  and  Sir  T.  Wade's  very  useful  Peking 
syllabary.  The  tones  there  assigned  to  juh  slieng  words  will  be 
found  to  be,  in  many  instances,  irregular  and  uncertain.  Thus, 
極， 夕， 習， chi,  si,  si,  belonging  to 下 入 hia  juh,  should 


L  104  ] 


be  in 下 平 hia  p'ing,  by  law  5.  But  they  are  placed  in  the 
syllabary  under  上 平 sliang  p'ing.  A  Pekinese  whom  I 
consulted  transferred  them  at  once  to 下 平 bia  p'ing.  lu  such 
cases,  the  difference  of  autliorities  indicates  that  a  transition 
is  taking  place,  and  the  law  of  change  tells  us  which  sound 
will  ultimately  prevail. 

I  am  happy  here  to  take  the  opportunity  of  referring  to  assis- 
tance vvliich  I  derived  from  suggestion  by  Mr.  William  Stronach 
and  Rev.  C.  Goodrich  in  regard  to  some  of  the  preceding  laws. 

II 

Tones  of  the  Nanking  dialect. 

1.  Words  in  the  first  tone  class  take  for  their  distinctive 
intonation,  the  lower  slow  monotone,  or  sometimes  the  lower 
slow  falling  inflection,  which  consists  of  a  slide  of  the  voice 
downwards. 

2.  Words  in  the  second  tone  class, 上 聲 shang  sheng,  take 
the  lower  slow  rising  inflection,  or  to  express  the  thing  differently, 
in  enunciating  them  the  voice  slides  upwards. 

3.  Words  in  the  class  known  as 去 聲 c'hii  sheng,  take  the 
quick  falling  inflection. 

4.  Words  in  the  fourth  class,  or 入 聲 juh  sheng,  are  short 
in  time. 

5.  Words  in  the  fifth  class,  or 下平 Lia  p'ing  take  the 
upper  quick  rising  inflection. 

Ill 

Tones  at  Chefoo  (FuJi-shan  him)  (Yea'-t'cd.} 

1.  "Words  in  上 平 sliaug  p'ing,  the  first  tone,  take  tlie 
lower  slow  rising  inflection. 

2.  Words  in  the  second  tone-class, 上 聲 sliang  sheng,  take 
the  upper  quick  rising  inflection. 

3.  The  third  class, 去 聲 c'liii  sheng,  takes  the  upper  quick 
falling  inflection. 

4.  The  class  called 下 平 liia  p'ing,  takes  lor  its  intonation 
the  lower  quick  falling  inflection. 

5.  Words  of  the  fourth  class,  or  juli  slioii!.;,  are  distributed 
principally  among  the  second  and  fifth  clasf^es  ；  those  of  the 
uiipcr  division,  or 上 y\.  sliang  juli,  preferring  shang  slieng, 
wliilo  such  as  are  in  tlic  lower  division, 下 入 Ha  juh,  are 
usually  found  in 下平 liia  p'ing. 

THE  LI"  aT^，' 


謝